PETE 310

Lecture # 15
Properties of Black Oils
Definitions
(pages 224-240)
 Phase Diagram of a
Black Oil Reservoir
Initial Reservoir
Conditions

Path of Production
CP
Pressure

75% 50%
25%

Separator Conditions

Temperature
Properties of Black Oils Needed for
Reservoir Engineering Calculations:

Formation Volume Factor of oil Bo

Total Formation Volume Factor of oil Bt

Solution Gas oil Ratio Rs

Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility Co

Properties of Black Oils Needed for
Reservoir Engineering Calculations:

Coefficient of isobaric thermal expansion bo

Oil Viscosity mo

Interfacial Tension
 Learning Goals

Understand the behavior of those PVT

properties (Bo,Rs,) vs P and type of
fluid (now)
Evaluate PVT properties from (later)
Field data
Laboratory studies
Correlations
 Definitions

Specific gravity of a liquid

o ( P1 , T1 )
o
w ( P1 , T1 )
API gravity

141.5
o
API 135
o
 Definitions
Formation Volume Factor of Oil

Gas out of
Solution
Surface (Ps,Ts)

Reservoir (P,T)
 Definitions

Volume of Oil + Dissolved gas

Bo = at Reservoir Pressure & Temp.
Volume of Oil entering Stock
tank at Tsc, Psc

Units = Reservoir barrels (bbl) /Stock tank barrels (STB)

General Shape of Bo

Reservoir T = constant

Bo

Pb
Reservoir Pressure
 Solution Gas Oil Ratio (Rs)

How much gas is dissolved in the oil

volume per volume basis
Rs depends upon pressure

Units [= ] SCF gas /STB oil

General Shape of Solution Gas
Oil Ratio (Rs)
Reservoir T = constant

Rs

Pb
Reservoir Pressure
Total Formation Volume Factor Bt
Pb

Bg(Rsb-Rs)
Bob Gas
Oil
Oil Bo
Hg Hg
 Definition of Bt

Also called Two-phase formation

volume factor

Bt Bo Bg Rsb Rs
Units

bbl/STB + bbl/SCF * (SCF/STB)

 General Shape of Bt
Reservoir T = constant

Bt
Bo, Bt

Bt=Bo

Bo Pb
Reservoir Pressure
Definition of Oil & Gas PVT Properties

Separator gas
Separator gas
Rv =

Separator gas
Standard
Conditions

Bg =
STB
gas

P P
4
Reservoir
3
P P1
gas gas
2
oil oil
oil oil

Decreasing Pressure
Separator gas

Separator gas
Standard oil
Conditions
STB Bo Rs
= STB = STB
The Coefficient of Isothermal
Compressibility of Oil
Provides Instantaneous change of
volume with P at constant T

V
Co PA , TA
1
V P
TA

Also with molar volume

and specific volume
 Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
Thermal Expansion

Specific Volume

Temperature

(Use in Steam Injection Processes)

 Oil Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of the resistance

to flow exerted by a fluid
This is called dynamic viscosity and has
units of
centipoise = g mass / 100 sec cm
Kinematic viscosity is viscosity / density,
units are in
centistokes = centipoise /g/cc
Needs of Crude Oil Viscosity

Calculation of two-phase flow

Gas-lift and pipeline design
Calculate oil recovery either from
natural depletion or from recovery
techniques such as waterflooding
and gas-injection processes
 Variation of Oil Viscosity

T = constant
Oil Viscosity

Gas Out of
Solution

Two Phase Flow Single Phase Flow

Pb