Classifying Matter

Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up

space.
There are four states of matter, solid, liquid, gas,
and plasma.
An atom is a small particle that is a building
block of matter.
Atoms
Sub-atomic particles

The proton is positively charged.

The electron is negatively charged.
The neutron has no charge.
The atomic number is equivalent to the number
of protons.
The mass number is equivalent to the sum of
protons and neutrons.
Substances

A substance is a matter with a composition that

is always the same.
A given substance is always made up of the
same combination(s) of atoms.
Ex. Aluminum, Oxygen, Water, and Sugar
Elements

An element is a substance that consists of just

one type of atom.
There are about 115 different known elements.
COMPOUNDS

A compound is a type of substance containing

atoms of two or more different elements
chemically bonded together.

Ex. CO2 ( carbon dioxide) and H2O (Water)

 Chemical Formulas
The combination of symbols and numbers that represents a
compound is called a chemical formula.
Chemical formulas show the different atoms that make up a
compound , using their element symbols.

Ex. is the chemical formula for water. The

formula shows that water is made up of two
hydrogen (H)atoms and one oxygen (O)
atom. The small 2 is called the subscript.
Properties of Compounds

A compound often has different properties from

the individual elements that compose it.
Compounds, like elements, are substances, and
all substances have their own unique properties.
Mixtures

A mixture is a matter that can vary in

composition.
Mixtures are combinations of two or more
substances that are physically blended
together.
The substances in a mixture do not combine
chemically. Therefore, they can be separated
by physical methods, such as filtering.
Heterogeneous Mixtures

A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in

which the individual substances are not evenly
mixed.
Non-uniform mixture.
Ex. Water and sand
Homogeneous Mixture

A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in

which the individual substances are evenly
mixed.
The particles of individual substances are so
small and well-mixed that they are not visible,
even with most high-powered microscopes.
It is also known as solution.
Solution

In a solution, the substance present in the largest

amount is called the solvent.
All other substances in a solution are called
solutes.
To dissolve means to form a solution by mixing
evenly.
Compounds vs Solutions

A compound is made up of two or more

substances.
A solution is made up of two or more
compounds.
A composition can vary in a mixture, a chemical
formula cannot be used to describe mixtures.
How do compounds and
mixtures differ?
A compound contains two or more elements
chemically bonded together.
In contrast, the substances that make up a
mixture are not chemically bonded.
Mixing is a physical change. The substances that
exist before mixing still exist in the mixture.
Substances keep their
properties
Because substances that make up a mixture are
not changed chemically, some of their
properties are observed in the mixture.

Ex. Sugar and water

Mixtures can be separated

Mixtures can be separated from each other

using physical methods.
In contrast, the only way compounds can be
separated is by a chemical change that breaks
the bonds between the elements.

Examples:
Sieving, using magnet, distillation, and filtering.