WORLD WAR I

THE WAR TO END ALL WARS

 THE
CAUSES
M-A-N-I-A
 M-A-N-I-A
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalis
m
Imperialism
Assassinati
GERMAN MILITARISM
FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR
1870-71
January 28, 1871:
Paris falls
Second French
Empire collapses
France cedes
Alsace & Lorraine
Germany now
unified the most
powerful country on
the continent
BISMARCKIAN SYSTEM
Seeks to protect
newly unified
Germany
Convinces European
nations to trust
Germany; no plans to
expand Germany is
saturated
Alliances need to
seem mutually
beneficial
Isolate France
Preserve peace with
 RIVALRIES
France and Germany
France wants Alsace & Lorraine back
Germany nervous; makes alliance with
Russia and Austria (3 Emperors
League)
Russia and Austria
Russia wants Balkans as shortest
route to Constantinople
Austria wants Balkans as territorial
expansion1876
SICK MAN OF EUROPE
Corrupt; inefficient
Balkans want
independence
1876: Montenegro &
Serbia declare war
Russia, with Austrias
OK, attacks and
defeats Ottomans
(Russo-Turkish War:
1877-78)
1878 Treaty of San
Stefano creates
Bulgaria a Russian
CONGRESS OF BERLIN, 1878
Treaty of San Stefano
dismantled
Bulgaria reduced
Remainder returned to
Ottoman control
Serbia, Romania,
Montenegro now
independent
Bosnia, Herzegovina
under Austria
protection
 NEW ALLIANCES
Three Emperors League now kaput
Triple Alliance (1882)
Germany, Austria, Italy
Defensive alliance against France,
or two or more great powers not
members of the alliance
Reinsurance Treaty (1887)
Germany & Russia
 LETS BE FRIENDS
1879 DUAL ALLIANCE: Germany&
Austria/Hungary
1882 TRIPLE ALLIANCE: Germany,
Italy, Austria/Hungary
1893 DUAL ENTENTE: France. Russia
1904 ENTENTE CORDIALE: Britain.
France
1907 ANGLO-RUSSIAN ENTENTE
 NOT SO FAST
Kaiser Wilhelm II
sacks Bismarck; takes
charge
Drops Reinsurance
Treaty
France/Russia now
allies
British condemned
for actions in Boer
War
Brits VERY nervous
about German navy
build-up; need to find
1st MOROCCAN CRISIS (1905-06)
Germany tries to divide
Britain and France
Kaiser opposes French
attempts to take over
Morocco
German actions unite
Russia, France, Britain,
and U.S.
1906: Morocco is
awarded to France
France / Britain /
Russia form Triple
Entente
BOSNIAN CRISIS (1908-09)
Austria annexes
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Serbia angered
wants to create
Serbian kingdom
Russia supports
Serbs
Serbs prepare for war
with Austria
Kaiser Wilhelm
threatens war with
Russia
2 nd
BALKAN WAR (1913)
1st Balkan War (1912):
Serbia, Bulgaria,
Montenegro, Greece
organize Balkan
League - defeat
Ottomans

Cant agree on how to

divide territory

Greece, Serbia,
Romania, Ottomans
defeat Bulgaria