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INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE
TYPES OF COFFERDAM
METHADOLOGY
FACTOR AFFECTING DESIGN OF COFFERDAM
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE ASPECTS
The word "cofferdam" comes from "coffer" meaning
box, in other words a dam in the shape of a box.

A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to


keep water and/or soil out of the excavation in
which a bridge pier or other structure is built.

A cofferdam involves the interaction of the structure,


soil, and water and the loads imposed include the
hydrostatic forces of the water, as well as the
dynamic forces due to currents and waves.
The loads imposed on the cofferdam structure by
construction equipment and operations must be
considered, both during installation of the cofferdam
and during construction of the structure itself.
The main objectives of temporary structure
COFFERDAM are :-

Pile driving operation.


Place grillage & raft foundation.
Construct new structures.
Enclose space for removal.
Constructing without disturbances
1. Braced: It is formed from a single
wall of sheet piling which
is driven into the ground to form a
box around the excavation site.

2. Earth-Type: It is the simplest type of cofferdam. It consists of an


earth bank with a lay core or vertical sheet piling enclosing the
excavation.
3. Timber Crib: Constructed on land and floated into
place. Lower portion of each cell is matched with
contour of river.

4. Double-Walled Sheet Pile: They are double wall


cofferdams comprising two parallel rows of sheet
piles driven into the ground and connected together
by a system of tie rod sat one or more levels.
5. Cellular: Cellular cofferdams are used only in those
circumstances where the excavation size precludes the
use of cross-excavation bracing. In this case, the
cofferdam must be stable by virtue of its own
resistance to lateral forces.
1 Fixing of alignment for cofferdam : Alignment of
cofferdam shall be fixed on the ground with the help of
total station as per the relevant drawing.
2 Construction of rock bund : Construction of rock bund
with 4m top width and 1:1 side slopes. Rock bund will
start by filling of boulders from the one end of
diaphragm wall.
3 Temporary earth fill : Filling of temporary earth fillfor
cofferdam and entrance gate will start parallel to the
rock bund.
.4 Interlocking sheet piles : Driving of interlocking sheet
piles will start from the east side the south dock with the
help of crane with vibro hammer on completed portion
of temporary bund.
5 Capping beam : On completion of top plugging
excavation along the interlocking piles will be carried
out for construction of capping beam.
6 Anchoring works : The main application of
geotechnical ground anchors is to prevent horizontal
movement and ensure stability of retaining structures
including sheet pile, bored concrete pile and steel
tubular pile walls.
Working inside a cofferdam
Hydrostatic head of water
Dimensions of area.
Sub-soil condition.
Fluctuations of outside water level.
Possibility of erosion.
Floating logs.
Presence of ice.
Poor environment.
Safe environment.
Design responsibility
Easy work.
Re-usability of materials.
Cofferdams are temporary structures and used in cases
where the plan area of foundation is very large, depth of
water is less and for the soft soils, where soils allow easy
driving of sheet piles.
While significant progress and achievements have
been made in the field of geotechnical finite element
mechanics, further advancements are necessary. On
the practical side, as computational power increases
it is expected that three dimensional software
programs will be come increasingly popular and
more affordable. Hence, human judgment is by far
the most important aspect of finite element analyses
of cofferdam excavations.

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