Zumdahl Zumdahl DeCoste

World of
CHEMISTRY
 Chapter 12

Chemical
Bonding

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Figure 12.1: The formation of a bond between two atoms.

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Figure 12.2: Probability representations of the electron sharing in HF.

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 Table 12.1

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Figure 12.3: Electronegativity values for selected elements.

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Figure 12.4:
The three
possible
types of
bonds.

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Figure 12.5: Charge distribution in the water molecule.

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Figure 12.5: Water molecule behaves as if it had a positive and negative end.

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Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to positive ions by their negative ends.

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Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to negative ions by their positive ends.

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 Table 12.2

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 Table 12.3

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 Figure 12.8: Ions as packed spheres.

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Figure 12.8: Positions (centers) of the ions.

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Figure 12.9: Relative sizes of some ions and their parent atoms.

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Figure 12.12: Molecular structure of methane.

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Figure 12.13: Tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs.

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Figure 12.13: Hydrogen atoms occupy only three corners of the tetrahedron.

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Figure 12.13: The NH3 molecule has the trigonal pyramid structure.

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Figure 12.14: Tetrahedral arrangement of four electron pairs around oxygen.

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Figure 12.14: Two electron pairs shared between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

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Figure 12.14: V-shaped molecular structure of the water molecule.

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 Table 12.4

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