Smoothing Reactors

It is a high inductance coil connected in series

with the converter to reduce the ripple current
on the DC side of the system.
Basically the DC current from the rectifier has
harmonic components called ripple.
As SR is in series with rectifier whole load
current flows through it.
Then their magnitude is reduced and current
becomes smoother.
 Corona on dc lines

The phenomena of hissing sound, violet glow

accompanied with the production of ozone gas due to
ionization of air surrounding the conductor, when voltage
gradient exceed a particular value is called corona.

In DC transmission system, due to the discharge a current

pulse is generated resulting in increase in power loss.

The effects of corona are:

Radio Interference
Audible Noise
Space charge field
 Radio Interference
It is also known as radio influence.

It occurs in the band region of 0.5 to 1.6Mhz.

In HVDC lines, RI effect is more in positive conductor rather than in

negative conductor.

It is expressed in millivolts per meter.

Mathematically it is expressed as
RI=25+10logn+10logr+1.5(g-go)

In negative conductors the value of radio interference is lower by 20dB.

 Audible Noise
The corona discharges from the conductor produce
compressions and rarefactions that are propagated through
the medium as acoustical energy.

The portion of the acoustical energy spectrum that lies

within the sonic range is perceived as audible noise. The
sound level is expressed in decibels'.

It is defined as
dB=20log(P/Pr)
where P= measured sound pressure
Pr= reference pressure level

The positive polarity conductor is the primary source of AN.