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INTRODUCTION
Potassium is one of the body's major ions.
Nearly 98% of the bodys potassium is
intracellular.
The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium
is important in determining the cellular membrane
potential.
Small changes in the extracellular potassium level
can have profound effects on the function of the
cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems.
The kidney determines potassium homeostasis,
and excess potassium is excreted in the urine.
INTRODUCTION
diabetic ketoacidosis,
Acute potassium severe GI losses : vomiting / diarrhea,
depletion dialysis, and diuretic therapy
Conn syndrome
2. Replenishing potassium stores
There is no direct correlation between the serum potassium and the
total body potassium deficit, but a rough estimate is to assume a total
body deficit of ~ 200 - 400 meq of potassium for every 1 meq/L the
serum potassium is below 4 meq/L
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Q.3. Hypertension + Low Serum
Renin + Low Serum Aldosterone.
1. Liddle syndrome or
2. congenital adrenal hyperplasia or
3. chronic ingestion of licorice-compounds containing
glycyrrhizin or
4. ingestion of other exogenous mineralocorticoids
Q.4.Hypertension + Normal/high Serum
Renin + Normal Serum Aldosterone
Cushings Syndrome
Q.5. Hypotension/normotension
+ High Serum Renin + High
Serum Aldosterone.
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
Q.6. Normotension + metabolic acidosis
+ hyperchloremia + urine ph > 6.
Distal RTA
Q.7.
Normotension/hypotension
Increased serum renin
Metabolic aklalosis
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalciuria
Increased urinary chloride (> 100 meq/l)
Bartter's syndrome
Q.8. Normotension/hypotension +
metabolic alkalosis + low urinary
chloride
1. Surreptitious vomiting or
2. Prolonged naso-gastric suction and
excessive gastric fluid loss
Surgical Care