Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Counseling Defined
Counseling
Counseling helps
people recognize
internal conflict
Advice Giving
Lecturing
Excessive Questioning
Storytelling
Asking Why?
Goal Guidelines
Goals are mutually agreed on by the client
and counselor.
Goals are specific.
Goals are relevant to behavior.
Goals are achievement & success oriented.
Goals are quantifiable & measurable.
Goals are behavioral & observable.
Goals are understandable & can be re-
stated clearly.
Principles of Counseling
The Counselee/PIN is the center of the counseling
process.
The counselee seeks self-actualization and hopes
to make life more complete and satisfying.
The counselee sees the counselor as somebody
who is constantly sensitive.
The counselor should recognize the counselees
concept of himself/herself, his/her inner conflicts
and suppressed desires and why he/she behaves
so.
Principles of Counseling
The individuals experience, both in the home and
in educational institution, forms the backdrop of
counseling.
Individual differences must be recognized and
considered in any effort to guide a person.
Let the counselee develop own insights and make
own decisions, and take responsibility for self-
discovery, self-development, and self-
management.
Principles of Counseling
Open Communication
Honesty
Mutual Respect
Professionalism
Willingness to learn
No hidden agendas
Risk taking
Sharing
The Client-Counselor Relationship
Personal support system
- Support communicates
Authentic engagement
The Client-Counselor Relationship
Empathy
The counselor understands the client's feeling
and experiences within the client's frame of
reference and communicates that understanding
without judgment.
Core Conditions
Positive Regard or Respect
The counselor communicates respect and
concern for the client's feelings, experiences and
potential, preserving the client's dignity without
interjecting his/her own values.
Concreteness
The counselor assists the client in expressing
her/his feelings and experiences in concrete and
specific terms.
Core Conditions
Immediacy
The counselor briefly and appropriately
discloses his/her immediate reactions about the
client to the client.
Warmth
Multicultural Awareness
Dimensions of Non-verbal Communication
Time
parameters of session, amount of time spent on
different topics
Body Language
posture, facial expressions, gestures. eye contact,
touching
Voice
tone, rate of speech, loudness
Use of Environment
distance between client and counselor, arrangement of
furniture, clothing
Basic Communication Skills
Minimal verbal response/minimal
encouragement
The counselor uses "umm hmm", "oh", "yes" to
communicate to the client s/he is listening
without interrupting the client's train of thought.
Probes
The counselor uses open-ended questions to
solicit additional information about the client's,
thoughts/feelings/behaviors.
Basic Communication Skills
Silence
The counselor can tolerate appropriate silences
in facilitating client progress.
Restatement
Paraphrase
Without changing the meaning, the counselor
states in fewer words the content of what the
client has previously said.
Basic Communication Skills
Clarification
The counselor has the client clarify vague or
ambiguous thoughts. feelings or behaviors
Reflection of Feeling
From either verbal or nonverbal cues, the counselor accurately
describes the client's affective state.
Reflection of Meaning*
Basic Communication Skills
Summarization
The counselor combines two or more of the
client's thoughts, feelings of behaviors into a
general theme.
Microskills Hierarchy
Microskills Hierarchy
Microskills Hierarchy
Personal style and theory
Skill Integration
Influencing skills and strategies
Reflection of meaning
Focusing
Confrontation
Five-stage interview structure
Reflection of feeling
Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
Client observation skills
Open and closed questions
Attending behavior
Ethics and multicultural competence
Basic Listening Sequence
Attending Behaviors
Open and Closed Questions
Observation skills
Encouraging, Paraphrasing, Summarizing
Reflection of Feelings
Basic Skills and Concepts
Attending Skills
Eye Contact
Attentive Body
Language
Distance
Vocal Tone
Verbal Tracking
Silence
Reading Body Signals
Reading Body Signals
Exercises
Attending Skills
Conveys empathy
Attending Skills
Attending Behaviors
Verbal Tracking Skills
Client Observation Skills
Attending Behaviors
Eye Contact
Attentive Body Language
Distance
Vocal Tone
Verbal Tracking
Silence
Attending Behaviors
S sit squarely
O open position
L lean forward
E eye to eye contact
R - relax
Attending Skills
Client Observation Skills
Attending Skills
Client Observation Skills
Observing body language,
tone of voice and
facial expressions
Listening Skills
Examples
Clients may keep their eyes lowered,
seem dismissive of the counsellor and sit
in a closed position, not encouraging
communication.
Listening Skills
Examples
Clients may keep their eyes lowered,
seem dismissive of the counsellor and sit
in a closed position, not encouraging
communication.
* Purposes:
To obtain specific information
To identify parameters of a problem or
issue
To narrow the topic of discussion
To interrupt an overtalkative client
Basic Listening Sequence
Closed and Open-Ended Questions
* Examples:
C: Are you scared?
O: How do you feel?
C: Are you concerned about what you will do if the test
results are positive?
O: What do you think you might do if the test
results are positive?
C: Is your relationship with your mother a good one?
O: Tell me about your relationship with your mother.
Basic Listening Sequence
Paraphrasing
Activity (Listening)
Roadblocks to Communication in Counseling
7.praising, agreeing
Hello, _______!
Structuring
Topics to be discussed:
Topics to be discussed:
Topics to be discussed:
Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our
attention...
A loving silence often has far more power to heal and to connect
than the most well-intentioned words.