Circulatory System

Body in Action - Yr 10
 Circulatory System
Function
is the transport system of the body
carries food and oxygen to the cells and
removes waste products

Consists of the following structures/systems;

Heart (Cardiovascular system)
Lungs (Respiratory system)
Blood, blood flow & blood vessels
Gases exhcange and the mechanics of breathing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyM
(rap!)
 Components of Blood
Red Blood Cells -
carry oxygen with the
Red Blood Cells chemical
Haemoglobin

White Blood Cells -

fight disease and
White Blood cells infection
Components of Blood
Platelets - clot the
blood

Plasma - fluid
Platelets component that
contains water,
nutrients, waste
products and
hormones

Blood Plasma
 Blood Vessels

Arteries - thick muscular wall, carry

blood away from heart, carry
oxygenated blood (except pulmonary
artery), branches into smaller
arterioles
 Blood Vessels
Veins - thin walled, carry blood back to the
heart, carry deoxygenated blood (except
for pulmonary vein), originates from
smaller venules and contains valves.

Arteries
 Blood Vessels

Capillaries - smallest
blood vessels (one cell
thick) allows oxygen,
carbon dioxide,
nutrients, wastes and
hormones to pass to
and from cells.
 Blood Vessels

Capillaries
Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are
abnormally swollen and
tortuous veins, often visible
just beneath the skin.
 Varicose Veins
What is it:
To return blood to your heart, the veins in your legs must work against
gravity.

Muscle contractions in your lower legs act as pumps, and elastic vein walls
help blood return to your heart. Tiny valves in your veins open as blood
flows toward your heart then close to stop blood from flowing backward.

Causes of varicose veins can include:

Age. As you get older, your veins can lose elasticity, causing them to
stretch. The valves in your veins may become weak, allowing blood that
should be moving toward your heart to flow backward.

Blood pools in your veins, and your veins enlarge and become varicose.

Pregnancy. Some pregnant women develop varicose veins. Pregnancy

increases the volume of blood in your body, but decreases the flow of
blood from your legs to your pelvis
 Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted on the walls of the blood
vessels by the blood.
Represented as a fraction
120 = Systole - when heart contracts
80 = Diastole - when heart relaxed
Hypertension is high blood pressure
any reading above 140/90
 Heart Structure &
Function
Function: To pump oxygenated blood and
nutrients around the body
heart is actually two pumps
right side pumps blood to lungs -
pulmonary circulation
left side pumps blood to the body -
systemic circulation
 Heart Structure &
Function
Right side Left side
Pulmonary Systemic
Circuit Circuit
 Heart Rate
Pulse can be felt at a number of arterial sites - most
common Carotid (neck) and Radial (wrist).
Average resting HR between 60 and 80 beats per
minute.
Cardiac Output - amount of blood pumped by heart
per minute (Q=SVXHR)
Stroke Volume - amount of blood pumped per beat
HR affected by exercise,age, smoking, drugs, fear
and excitement.
 aorta
superior
vena cava pulmonary
artery

left
atrium
right pulmonary
atrium vein

left
right ventricle
ventricle

inferior septum
vena cava
DRAW IT YOURSELF
Red = oxygenated Blue = deoxygenated