ENGLISH LANGUAGE

TEACHING
SEMESTER: 3RD
ANA KAREN ELIZONDO MEJIA
ANA LAURA CRUZ HERNANDEZ
DANIELA AGISS PEDRAZA
ALEJANDRO ROSALES SERRATO

DETERMINERS
o Are words wich come at the beginning of the noun
phrase and it is used to modify a noun.
o It indicates reference to something specific or
something of a particular type.
Determiners vs. Pronouns

Determiners are followed by a noun.

The man
This book
Some people

Subject pronouns ( I , you , he , etc.) and

possessive pronouns (mine, yours,
his, etc.) cannot be determiners because
they can never be followed by a noun.
 SPECIFIC & GENERAL
Specific General
The definite article: the a; an; any; another;
Possessives: my, your, hi other; what
s, her, its; our, their, w
hose
Demonstratives: this, th
at, these, those
Interrogatives: which
 Two main functions

Referring Quantifying
Quantifiers & Numbers
Articles

Distributives
Demonstratives

Difference

Possessives
Pre - determiners
 Definite The
ARTICLES
Indefinite A/An
 Is used before countable and
uncountable noun

Nouns in English are preceded by the

definite article when the speaker
believes that the listener already
knows what he is referring to. The
speaker may believe this for many
different reasons, some of which are
listed below.
The is used:

To refer to something specific or already mentioned.

EXAMPLES
I have to go to the dentist
I was walking past Benny's Bakery when I decided to go
into the bakery to get some bread.
There's a position available in my team. The job will
involve some international travel.
 When you assume there is just one of
something in that place, even if it has not
been mentioned before.
Where is the bathroom?
My father enjoyed the book you gave him.
Turn left and go to number 45. Our house is
across from the Italian restaurant.
 Sentences or clauses where you define or identify a
particular person or object.
EXAMPLES
The man who wrote this book is famous.
I scratched the red car parked outside.
I live in the small house with a blue door.
To people or objects that are unique.
EXAMPLES
The sun rose at 6:17 this morning.
You can go anywhere in the world.
Clouds drifted across the sky.
 Before superlatives and ordinal numbers.
This is the highest building in New York.
She read the last chapter of her new book first.
You are the tallest person in our class.
With adjectives, to refer to a whole group of
people.
The French enjoy cheese.
The elderly require special attention.
She has given a lot of money to the poor.
 Decades.
EXAMPLES
He was born in the seventies.
This is a painting from the 1820's.
Clauses introduced by only
EXAMPLES
You are the only person he will listen to.
The only tea I like is black tea.
This is the only day we've had sunshine all week.
PROPER NOUNS
Use the with names of geographical areas, rivers,
mountain ranges, groups of islands, canals,
oceans and seas.
EXAMPLES
They are travelling in the Arctic.
I will go on a cruise down the Nile.
Hiking across the Rocky Mountains would be
difficult.
 Countries that have plural names
EXAMPLES
I have never been to the Netherlands.
Do you know anyone who lives in the Philippines?
Countries that include the words "republic",
"kingdom", or "states" in their names.
EXAMPLES
She is visiting the United States.
James is from the Republic of Ireland.
 Use the with newspaper names, services and
organizations.
She works for the New York Times.
I read it in the Guardian.
The police
The United Nations
The names of famous buildings, works of art, museums
and monuments.
Have you been to the Vietnam Memorial?
We went to the Louvre and saw the Mona Lisa.
I would like to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 Names of hotels & restaurants, unless these are
named after a person.
EXAMPLES
They are staying at the Hilton on 6th street.
We ate at the Golden Lion.
Before peoples last names when we refer the
whole family
EXAMPLES
We're having dinner with the Smiths tonight.
The Browns are going to the play with us.
Before nationalities when we refer to the
whole nation
Example
The Chinese invented paper thousands of years
ago.
 Usea when the next word starts
with a consonant, or before
words starting inu and eu when
they sound like you.
Usean when the next word
starts with a
vowel (a,e,i,o,u) or with a
mute h.
Theindefinite article is used to
refer to something for the first
time or to refer to a particular
member of a group or class.
A is used

To refer to something for the first time.

Would you like a drink?
I've finally got a good job.
NAMING MEMBERS OF A GROUP
Names of jobs.
John is a doctor.
Mary is training to be an engineer.
He wants to be a dancer.
 Nationalities and religions in the singular.
John is an Englishman.
Kate is a Catholic.
Names of days of the week when not referring to
any particular day.
I was born on a Thursday.
Could I come over on a Saturday sometime?
 To refer to an example of something.
The mouse had a tiny nose .
The elephant had a long trunk .
With singular nouns after the words 'what'
and 'such'.
What a shame !
She's such a beautiful girl .
What a lovely day !
 Use a meaning 'one', referring to a single object
or person, or a single unit of measure. In these
sentences using "one" instead of the indefinite
article is grammatically correct. It will add
emphasis to the number, and contrast with other
numbers.
I'd like an orange and two lemons please.
I'd like one orange and two lemons please.
I need a kilogram of sugar.
I need one kilogram of sugar.
You can't run a mile in 5 minutes!
ZERO ARTICLE

Sometimes it is possible to have a noun

phrase with NO articlethe so-called "ZERO
article".
I need a bowl of rice. indefinite article
I like the rice in this restaurant.
definite article
I eat rice every day. ZERO article
 The ZERO article usually occurs in the
following cases:
General meaning
cars, people
life, water
Abstract nouns
education, happiness, music
 Pronouns vs. Adjetives

Demostrative Demostrative
Pronouns Adjetives
Stands on its own, Modifies a noun
replacing rather than
E.g. This apple is good.
modifying a noun.
E.g. This is good. I I like those houses.
like those. (Thismodifies 'apple'
(This and those don't and those modifies
modify any nouns they 'houses')
stand alone and
replace other nouns)
 Are words that show which person or thing is being
referred to.
Show the Singular
Demostratives relative distance
Plural between the speaker
Near Far and
the noun.
This

That

These

Those
 Demostrative Pronouns

'This is my car', (singular)

'this' is a demonstrative pronoun.

These are our children. (plural)

these is a demonstrative pronoun.

We use this and these to refer to something

is here/near.
 That is our house. (singular)
That is a demonstrative pronoun.

Those are my shoes. (plural)

Those is a demonstrative pronoun.

We use that and those to refer to something that

is there / far.
Demostratives Adjetives

Can be placed before the noun or the

adjective that modifies the noun.
This blue car needs to be washed next.
This= demonstrative adjective
Those flowers are beautiful.
That metal rod should work.
That= demonstrative adjective
These oranges are delicious.
 Demonstratives can be
used by themselves
when the noun they
modify is understood
from the context.
E.g.:
I'd like to try on that one.
This one is broken.
I'll take these three.
Those two are not as pretty
as these two
E.g.:
I'll never forget this.
That has nothing to do with
me.
I didn't ask for these.
Those aren't mine.
Demonstratives can
also appear before a
number by itself when
the noun is understood
from the context.
What is the difference between
Demonstrative Adjectives and
Demonstrative Pronouns?

Demonstrative Adjectives are always before a noun.

Demonstrative Pronouns are before the verb to be or by
themselves.

E.g. This book is old. (Demonstrative Adjective + Noun)

E.g. This is new. (Demonstrative Pronoun + Verb to be)
E.g Did you like that? (Demonstrative Pronoun by itself)
 My Modify the noun in order to show
Your possession. Follow by a noun.
His *Your bike is blue.
Her (your = adjective which modifies the
Its noun bike)
Our *Their house is big.
Your (Their = adjective which modifies the
Their noun house)
 Mine
Yours Never follow by a noun.
His Because a pronoun replace a
Hers noun
Its *This pencil is mine.
Ours *That computer is yours.
Yours *Those bags are ours.
Theirs
are adjectives and adjectival phrases that give approximate
answers to the questions "How much?" and "How many?"

Are followed by nouns E.g. some, any, few, little,

more, much, many, each,
which they modify. every, both, all, enough, half,
little, whole, less.
Quantifiers are commonly used
before either countable or
uncountable nouns.

Countable
Heknows more people
than his wife.

Uncountable
Little knowledge is a
dangerous thing.
 Countable Both Uncountable
Both All A little
Either Any (not) much
two Enough A bit of
Neither Less A great deal
things A lot of of
(a) few More A large
Each Most amount of
Several No
Hundreds of None of
A couple of some
Talking about two things

Both the supermarkets

were closed.
Neither of the
supermarkets was open.
I dont think either of the
supermarkets was open.
 Using enough
When it is placed
before any noun, we can
use enough as quantifier
to indicate the quantity
required or necessary.

She has enough money.

There are not enough apples for all of us.
I don't have enough sugar to make a cake.
 Groups
When you put a noun after a quantifier, you talk about
members of a group. Also if you write after the quantifier of
the, you are talking about a specific members of the group.

Few cars are Few of the cars

fast. are fast.

All children live All of the children

at home. live at home.
 Singular Quantifiers.
We use: every or each,
which mean all.

Every car was amazingly

expensive
Each phone is over $80
He buys a new car every
year (every can be used
to talk about time)
 Graded Quantifiers.
Allowus to compare the quantity of one thing
with the quantity of another, without specifying
an exact quantity for either element.
Countable Uncountable

Few Fewer Fewest

Little Less Least
Many More Most Much More Most
 Countable Uncountable

Scientists have little hope of There are many people in

finding a complete cure for England, more people in India,
cancer before the year 2020. but the most people live in
China.
She had less time to study than
Paul but had better results. Few rivers in Europe are not
polluted.
Give that dog the least
opportunity and it will bite you. Fewer people die young now
than in the seventeenth century.
Much time and money is spent
on education, more on health The country with the fewest
services but the most is spent on people per square kilometer
national defense. must be Australia.
 Positive and Negative Attitudes

Positive attitude: describe the

quantity in a positive way, even
when the speaker doesnt have
much but he has enough .

A few: for countable A little: for uncountable

I've got a few friends. = I I've got a little money. = I
have enough friends. have enough money.

I have a few flowers in I have a little free time on

my garden. = I have Thursdays. = I have enough
enough flowers. free time.
 Negative attitude: describe the quantity in a
negative way. They may actually indicate a total
lack of something.
Few: for countable Little: for uncountable
Few people visited him in He had little money for
hospital. = he had almost no treats = almost no money,
visitors or perhaps no money at all
I've seen few birds around
I have a little free time on
here. = there are almost no
Thursdays. = I have
birds, or perhaps not a
enough free time.
single bird
Indefinite Quantities
Some and any can be used with countable
and uncountable nouns to describe an
undefined quantity.
He got some books from the library.
I will have some news next week.
Philip wants some help with his exams.
Would you like some help? = Probably you do.
Will you have some coke? = Probably you will
Could I have some books, please?
Would you like some tea?
 Any is used in interrogative sentences when you do
not know the answer, and is also used with not to
emphasize the negativity to make it more absolute.

Do they have any children?

Do you want any groceries
from the shop?
I don't want any cake.
There isn't any reason to
complain.
The cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives
referring to quantity, and the ordinal numbers (first, second,
third, etc.) refer to distribution.
There are twenty-five people in the room.
He was the fourteenth person to win the award.
Six hundred thousand people were left homeless
after the earthquake.
I must have asked you twenty times to be quiet.
He went to Israel for the third time this year.
 They show different ways of looking at the
individuals within a group, and they express
how something is distributed, shared, or
divided.

all, both, half, either, neither, each,

every
Using distributives
Using "each" and "every" to talk
about the members of a group as
individuals
The children looked at each other in perplexity, and the
Wizard sighed.
"Each of their arms is a wooden club," answered the little
man
You must ask him about every small thing?
No, she had seen the postman drive up every day since she
sent out the letter.
 Using "all" to talk about the whole group
A few minutes later they all marched in and took
their places at the table.
Supposethat, at some future day, all physical and
mechanical laws
Using "half" to talk about a divided group
I've
spent half my summer nights in that room
working on my tests.
Don't spend a half hour selecting what you need.
 Using "both", "either", and "neither" to talk about
pairs of people or things

o It was both relaxing and exciting.

o I guarded both doll and cradle with the most jealous care;
but once I discovered my little sister sleeping peacefully in
the cradle.
o She wanted to either go now or in one hour.
o He put a hand on either side of her.
o Neither of them looks happy.
o Neither side is without blame
 The determiners other and another refer to something
different, remaining, or additional. They are placed before a
noun. The other is treated separately because it's usage is
slightly different.
Using "other"
Other can come after the
determiners some, any, and no.
Examples
Do you have other shoes?
There are other jobs you could try.
Is there any other bread?
I have some other sugar we could
use.
We have no other ideas.
 If used with a plural countable noun and one of these determiners,
the noun may be omitted when it is understood from the context. In
that case, other becomes plural.
This can also happen with other used by itself, but it is less common.
Examples
Do you have any others?
I know some others who might like to come.
There are no others in this box.
I know others like vanilla, but I prefer
chocolate.
She doesn't have to wear that dress. She
has others.
 Using "another"

Another is used with singular

countable nouns. For uncountable
nouns, another is often used with
measure words that are singular.
Examples
Have another cookie.
Would you like another cup of
tea?
He has another brother.
I don't have another car.
I'll come by another time.
 Using "the other"

Ifthe other is modifying a plural countable noun, the

noun may be omitted when it is understood from the
context. In that case, other will become plural.
 Examples
Where is the other box of cereal?
I work on the weekend and go to school on the other days of the
week.
May I use the other honey for my recipe?
I enjoyed the first book but I didn't read the other books in the
series.
Have you seen the others?
Jim ate two cookies. I ate the others.
 They are normally placed
before an indefinite article +
adjective + noun to express an
opinion about the noun they
modify. Such and what are
used to express surprise or
other emotions.
What a lovely day!
She's such a beautiful woman.
You can't imagine what an incredible meal I
just ate.
I've had such a good time today!
 Rather and quite are
commenting words,
referring to the degree of
a particular quality as
expressed by the adjective
that modifies the noun. In
British English, rather is
used as a pre-determiner.

It was quite a nice day.

He's had quite a bad accident.
It's rather a small car.
I've just met rather a nice man
EXERCISES
Could you bring me those books I left in the garden?
a) This b) these c)those

The sun rises from the east.

a) The b)A c)An

The doctor advised me to eat an apple every morning.

a) The b)A c)An
 There aren't many students in the library.
a)Much b)many c)a lot

I haven't got any pictures in my bedroom.

a) Some b) many c) any
 She gave a cookie to each child.
a)each b)much c)a lot

Ive got to solve some math problems before I go to

sleep.
a)these b)this c)some

(With a bowl of cherries on your lap) These cherries are

delicious.
a)any b)these c)that
 My mother doesnt drink much coffee.
a)much b)many c)a lot

I always keep some money in my wallet for

emergencies.
a)any b)some c)each
References
http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/determiners-difference/
http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/distributives/
http://www.grammar.cl/Notes/This_That_These_Those.htm
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/english-grammar/determiners-and-
quantifiers
https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module-2/pronouns/lesson-4/reflexive-
and-intensive-pronouns
http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/determiners/
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/determiners-
the-my-some-this
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-
determiners.php