SPEED CONTROL OF BLDC USING HALL SIGNAL EFFECT

WITH SIX PULSE INVERTER IN MATLAB/SIMLINK

Presented by:
Ch.M.D.Savithri (08B21A0236)
Internal Guide: G.L.Prasanna (08B21A0241)
Mr.K.V.Sai Kumar,M.Tech, M.V.R..Murthy (08B21A0240)
Asst.Professor. G.Venkatesh (08B21A0215)
CH.V.Reddy (08B21A0210)
 OBJECTIVE:

In this paper deals with speed controller design for Brush Less
Direct Current motor with six fed inverter using hall effect sensor.

Field oriented control is used for the operation of the drive enables
the calculation of currents and voltages in different parts of the
inverter and motor under transient and steady state conditions.

A closed loop control system with proportional integral (pi)

controller in the speed loop has been designed to operate in
constant torque & flux weakening regions.
 PRESENTATION OUTLINES

1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMPARING BLDC MOTOR TO OTHER MOTOR TYPES
3. DISCRIPTION OF DRIVE SYSTEM
4. BLDC CONSTRUCTION
5. COMPONENTS USED IN BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM
6. STRUCTURE OF SPEED CONTROL OF BLDC
7. OPERATION OF SPEED CONTROL BLDC
8. PERFORMANCE OF A BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM BY USING
MATLAB /SIMULINK
9. CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

Why brushless dc Motors are so popular?

The growth in the market of BLDC motor drives has
demanded the need of simulation tools capable of
handling motor drive simulations
Motivation
COMPARING BLDC MOTOR TO OTHER MOTOR TYPES

BLDC motor Brushed dc motor

Electronic commutation Brushed commutation

Less due to absence of Periodic maintenance is
brushes required
Output power/frame size is Moderately low
high
 DISCRIPTION OF DRIVE SYSTEM
This deals with the description of components such as BLDC
motor, position sensor ,inverter and PI controller of the drive
system.
BLDC is a motor that uses permanent magnet to produces
the air gap magnetic field rather than using electromagnet.
Operation of BLDC requires position sensors in the rotor
shaft when operated without damper winding. The need of
knowing the rotor position requires the development of devices
for position measurement.
Voltage source inverters are devices that convert a DC
voltage to 3- AC voltage.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM
OPTICAL ENCODER

The most popular type of encoder is the optical encoder

as shown in, which consists of a rotating disk, a light source,
and a photo detector (light sensor). The disk, is mounted on
the rotating shaft, has coded patterns of opaque and
transparent sectors. As the disk rotates, these patterns
interrupt the light emitted onto the photo detector,
generating a digital pulse or output signal. It is two types:
Incremental encoder
Absolute encoder
BLDC CONSTUCTIONAL DIAGRAM
 OPERATION OF BLDC
When a 3- armature winding is fed by a 3-
supply. Then the magnet flux of a constant magnitude is
induced in the stator poles based on the principle of
electro magnetic induction. And the rotor field winding
is excited by 1- A.C or D.C supply. Then the rotor flux
linkages with the stator flux an E.M.F is induced and the
constant torque and constant speed is produced. but in
case of the BLDC the rotor is used as permanent magnet
so, the field winding is absent and the rotor produces a
flux automatically linkages with stator flux when supply
of armature winding is ON and the rotor rotates.
 COMPONENTS USED IN BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM

PI CONTROLLER:
PI Controller means Proportional Integral
Controller. PI Controller Defines the proportional is to
improve the gain and Integrator is used to reduce or
eliminate the error. The proportional means the output is
directly proportional to the input and the integral means
the output is integral of input.
 HALL EFFECT SENSOR
If an electric current flows through a conductor in a magnetic
field, the magnetic field exerts a transverse force on the
moving charge carriers which tends to push them to one side
of the conductor. This is most evident in a thin flat conductor as
illustrated. A buildup of charge at the sides of the conductors
will balance this magnetic influence, producing a measurable
voltage between the two sides of the conductor. The presence
of this measurable transverse voltage is called the Hall effect
SIX FED MOSFET WITH DIODE INVERTER
 STRUCTURE OF BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM

In the structure of BLDC Drive system we use mainly the following parts:

BLDC Motor.
Reference Speed and Step Inputs.
PI Controller.
Voltage source measurement.
Six fed MOSFET WITH DIODE Inverter.
HALL EFFECT SENSOR Feed back unit.
OPERATION OF BLDC DRIVE SYSTEM
When a 3-p supply is given as electrical input to the permanent magnet
synchronous motor and step input torque is given as mechanical input to the
motor. And the motor gives the output of Hall effect measurement, stator
current, E.M.F rotor speed and electro magnet torque.

The PI Controller is used to reduce the ripple in the speed signal.

The output speed is given as feed back to the motor input. The error between
the reference speed and the actual speed is given as input to the voltage
source measurement. The voltage source measurement is to reduce the error
in the speed.

The output of voltage source measurement is given to the six fed MOSFET
WITH DIODE Inverter. The inverter is to convert the D.C supply to 3-phase
A.C supply.

The HALL EFFECT SENSOR is used to sense the HALL EFFECT in the
PMSM. and this signal is given to the gate pulse of the MOSFET Inverter.
BLDC WITHOUT INVERTER
BLDC FED WITH DIODE INVERTER
BLDC FED WITH MOSFET/DIODES
CLOSED LOOP PI CONTROL OF BLDC
SIM-LINK RESULT OF ROTOR SPEED AND ELECTRO MAGNETIC TORQUE
SIM-LINK STATOR CURRENT AND OUTPUT E.M.F
INVERTER INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGES
 ADVANTAGES
1.The rotor is used as permanent magnet. So, at the
time of starting it gives fast performance.
2.The field winding is absent so, the slip rings, slide
rings and brushes are eliminated and there is no
sparking.
3. Constant speed and constant torque is produced.
4. It can be used for power correction process.
5. Motor need not excitation.
 APPLICATIONS

1. It is used in wide range of speeds at the range of 3000

R.P.M
2. It is used at wide range of power factors.
3. It is used in low and medium range power applications.
4. It is used in power correction process.
5. It is used in large industrial applications.
6.It is used in hard disk
 CONCLUSION
Modeling of BLDC drive system with PI controller, HALL
EFFECT SENSOR and SIX FED INVERTER has been
developed successfully.

The error between the speed commend and the actual

speed is also greatly reduced.

A Speed controller has been designed successfully for

closed loop operation of the BLDC drive system so that
the motor runs at the commended or reference speed. The
simulated system has a fast response with practically zero
steady state error thus validating the design method of
the speed controller.
FUTURE WORK

The implementation of additional control

techniques like unity power factor control,
constant mutual air gap flux linkages control,
optimum torque per ampere control and
sensor-less control can be taken up for detail
simulation and performance calculation of
BLDC drive systems. Detailed modeling and
simulation of other types of synchronous
motor drives can also be taken up for
transient and steady state analysis.
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