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DEVARAJAN K
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
When the projectors are parallel to each other and also perpendicular to
the plane, the projection is called orthographic projection
Step:1 Imagine that a person looks at the block (Fig:-1) from a
theoretically infinite distance, so that the rays of sight from his eyes are
parallel to one another and perpendicular to the front surface F. The
view of the block will be shaded figure, showing the front surface of
the object in its true shape and proportion
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Step:2 If these rays of sight are extended further to meet perpendicularly a
vertical plane (marked V.P) set up behind the block
Step:3 The points at which they meet the plane are joined in proper sequence,
the resulting figure (marked E) will also be exactly similar to the front surface
and this is known as an elevation or front view. The figure is the projection of
the block. The lines from the block to the plane are the projectors.
The projection is shown in separately shown, It shows only two dimensions of
the block ( width and height). It does not show the thickness. Thus, we find that
only one projection is insufficient for complete description of the block
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
Four Cases:
1. The point is situated in the first quadrant.
2. The point is situated in the second quadrant.
3. The point is situated in the third quadrant.
4. The point is situated in the fourth quadrant.
A POINT IS SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
h
x y
o
d
a
A POINT IS SITUATED IN SECOND QUADRANT
b
b
d
h
x y
o
A POINT IS SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
d
x y
o
h
c
A POINT IS SITUATED IN FOURTH QUADRANT
x o y
h
d
e
e
First quadrant --- Above HP and in front of VP
Second quadrant --- Above HP and behind VP
Third quadrant --- Below HP and behind VP
Fourth quadrant --- Below HP and in front of
VP
Draw the projections for the below points. Take a single reference line. The
distance between the projectors is 40mm.
a) Point A is 20mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP.
b) Point B is 20mm below HP and 40mm behind VP.
c) Point P is 10mm above HP and 30mm Behind VP.
d) Point C is 45mm below HP and 35mm in front of VP.
PROJECTIONS OF POINTS