Ecology

Biomes and Ecosystems

Ecosystems- Matter and Energy

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 Primary Production

http://www.bigelow.org/foodweb/chemosynthesis.jpg 3
 Visualizing Matter & Energy

There are a variety of diagrams that help us visualize

how energy, biomass, matter, and even number of
organisms interact in a particular community or
ecosystem. It is important that you look carefully at
the diagrams and understand what it says about that
ecosystem in terms of matter and/or energy.

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Primary Production made by Primary Producers
Gross primary productivity is the total
amount of energy that producers convert to
chemical energy in organic molecules per unit
of time.

Then the plant must use some energy to

supports its own processes with cellular
respiration such as growth, opening and
closing its stomata, etc.

What is left over in that same amount of time

is net primary productivity which is the
energy available to be used by another
organism.

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Primary Production

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Net Product Pyramid

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Trophic Level Human Population

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 Biomass Pyramids

I think this slide should go up with the

other pyramid slides even though its
about populations

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Pyramid of Numbers

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Energy Transformation

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Biogeochemical Cycle

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Nitrogen Cycle

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Phosphorus Cycle

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Water Cycle

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Carbon Cycle

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Nutrient Cycling

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http://www.theenergylibrary.com/files/images/Energy_Allocation.screen.jp
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Now that we have examined the flow of
energy and the cycling of matter, lets
examine biomes from the biosphere.

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Aquatic Biome Distribution

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Lake Stratification

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 Zonation

Marine Zonation

Lake Zonation

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Freshwater

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Wetlands & Estuaries
Transitional Zones
between
freshwater and
marine. This water
tends to be a mix
of both depending
on its geographic
location. The
water is often
referred to as
brackish
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 Marine Biomes
Tide Zone
Coral Reef

Benthos

Black Smoker
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Terrestrial Biomes

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Tropical Rain Forest

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Savanna

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Desert

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Chaparral- also called Scrubland

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Temperate Grasslands

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Temperate Forest

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 Taiga
Also called Coniferous or
Boreal Forest
1. precipitation usually snow
2. conifers like spruce, fir,
hemlock
3. soil acidic and forms
slowly

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Tundra

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Biosphere

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What happens when a cycle is out of balance?

Cycles can have an anthropogenic (man-made) or a non-

anthropogenic (natural phenomena) impact that causes
a cycle to become unbalanced. Additionally, this may
just be the natural state of that ecosystem as a
consequence of the availability of nutrients.
Two examples involving imbalanced freshwater habitats
include:
Oligotrophic waters- low primary productivity
Eutrophic waters- high primary productivity

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Oligotrophic Lake

Eutrophic

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Eutrophication- The Algal Bloom

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Experimental Data

Use the Station 1 data to calculate the

Primary Productivity of a water sample.
Report your answer in units of
mg Carbon fixed/Liter
The needed conversion factors are found
on the student formula sheet

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Answers to Previous Slides

Station 1

4.2 mg O2/L 0.698 = 2.9 mL O2/L

2.9 mL O2/L 0.526= 1.6 mg Carbon fixed/L

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Created by:

Susan Ramsey
VASS
Notable contributions by S. Meister