III.

Cm bin o nhit

1. Tng quan
2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)
3. Nhit in tr (RTD)
4. Themistor
5. IC o nhit
6. Nhit k hng ngoi

Friday, July 28, 2017 1

1. Tng quan

Cm bin nhit l thit b c dng o nhit

ca i tng.
Cc cm bin ny cm nhn s thay i nhit v
cho tn hiu ng ra mt trong hai dng: thay i in
p hoc thay i in tr.
la chn cm bin cho mt ng dng c th th
cn xem xt: chnh xc, khong o, thi gian p
ng v mi trng lm vic.
Cm bin nhit c phn thnh 2 loi:
Cm bin loi tip xc
Cm bin loi khng tip xc (o bc x nhit)

Friday, July 28, 2017 2

1. Tng quan

Cm bin loi tip xc:

Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)
Nhit in tr
RTD
Thermistor
IC o nhit
Cm bin loi khng tip xc
Nhit k hng ngoi
o nhit bng cch nhn nng lng hng ngoi
c pht ra t vt liu

Friday, July 28, 2017 3

1. Tng quan

Friday, July 28, 2017 4

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

Cu to
c lm bng 2 vt liu dn in khc nhau (thng
l hp kim) c hn dnh 1 u, u cn li c
a n thit b o
Thermocouple c 2 mi ni: lnh v nng
Hot ng
Thermocouple hot ng da trn nguyn l ca hiu
ng Seebeck
in p gia 2 mi ni c gi l in p Seebeck

Friday, July 28, 2017 5

2. Cp nhit in

Mt s hnh nh

Friday, July 28, 2017 6

 2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

Cc loi cp nhit in
Type Composition Range Good for Not recommended Cost Sensitivity
for
K Chromel (Ni-Cr alloy) / 200 C to 1200 C Oxidizing or Low 41 V/C
Alumel (Ni-Al alloy) neutral applications Use under 540C

E Chromel / Constantan 200 C to 900 C Oxidizing or inert Low 68 V/C

(Cu-Ni alloy) applications
J Iron / Constantan 40 C to 750 C Vacuum, reducing, Oxidizing or humid Low 52 V/C
or inert apps environments

N Nicrosil (Ni-Cr-Si alloy) / 270 C to 1300 C Oxidizing or Low 39 V/C

Nisil (Ni-Si alloy) neutral applications

T Copper / Constantan 200 C to 350 C Oxidizing, reducing Wet or humid Low 43 V/C
or inert apps environments

R Platinum /Platinum with 0 C to 1600 C High temperatures Shock or vibrating High 10V/C
13% Rhodium equipment

S Platinum /Platinum with 0 C to 1600 C High temperatures Shock or vibrating High 10V/C
10% Rhodium equipment

B Platinum-Rhodium / 50 C to 1800 C High temperatures Shock or vibrating High 10V/C

Pt-Rh equipment

Friday, July 28, 2017 7

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

Cng thc tnh

in p c to ra bi cp nhit in c cho bi
cng thc
V = S * T
Trong :
V: in p o c (V)
S: H s Seebeck (V/0C)
T: Chnh lch nhit gia 2 mi ni
Do , nhit cn o c tnh theo cng thc
T= Ttham chiu + V/S (C)

Friday, July 28, 2017 8

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

c tnh

Friday, July 28, 2017 9

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

c tnh

Friday, July 28, 2017 10

 2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

Cc kiu u d ca cp nhit in:

-n gin nht -u o c t trong ng -u o c lm bng
- Nh gn, p kim loi (inox hoc hp kim) vt liu do, d un
ng nhanh - o c nhit cao, nhiu -Dng o nhit b
-Dng o nhit mi trng vt cht mt vt liu
cht kh

Friday, July 28, 2017 11

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

Thun li
Cu to n gin, chu c va p
Khong o nhit rng
R tin
p ng nhanh
a dng
Kh khn
Phi tuyn
t n nh
in p thp
Cn im tham chiu

Friday, July 28, 2017 12

2. Cp nhit in (Thermocouple)

ng dng
Dng o nhit trong cc l luyn gang, thp
o nhit kh thi

Friday, July 28, 2017 13

3. Nhit in tr (Resistance Temperature Detectors)

Cu to:
Dy kim loi lm t ng, Nikel, Platinum,c
qun ty theo hnh dng ca u o.
C 2 loi c bn: loi dy qun v loi mn mng

Thng dng nht ca RTD l loi Pt 100

Thng c loi 2 dy, 3 dy v 4 dy

Friday, July 28, 2017 14

3. Nhit in tr (RTD)

Nguyn l:
Khi nhit tng, in tr hai u dy kim loi tng

th quan h gia in tr v nhit

Friday, July 28, 2017 15

 3. Nhit in tr (RTD)

Cch u dy cho RTD

2 dy

3 dy
- Gim sai s o
- Cc dy phi c cng chiu di v
vt liu
- Dy ni c th di n 600m

Friday, July 28, 2017 16

 3. Nhit in tr (RTD)

Cch u dy cho RTD

4 dy

- chnh xc v tin cy tt nht

- Khng c sai s h thng
- B hon ton nh hng ca sai s

Friday, July 28, 2017 17

3. Nhit in tr (RTD)

ng dng RTD
My lnh, my iu ha
Ch bin thc phm
Bp, l nng
Ngnh dt
Gia cng vt liu
Vi in t
o nhit kh, gas, cht lng

Friday, July 28, 2017 18

3. Nhit in tr (RTD)

u im ca RTD
Tuyn tnh trn khong rng
Chnh xc cao
n nh vi nhit cao
Nhc im ca RTD
p ng chm hn cp nhit in
c tin hn cp nhit in
nh hng bi sc v rung
Yu cu 3 dy hoc 4 dy

Friday, July 28, 2017 19

4. Thermistors (Thermally sensitive resistor)

Cu to:
c lm bng cc xt kim loi: Niken, Mangan,
cban, c ph bi nha hoc thy tinh
Phn loi:
H s nhit m - NTC ( Negative Temperature
Coefficient)
H s nhit dng - PTC (Positive Temperature
Coefficient)
K hiu:

Friday, July 28, 2017 20

4. Thermistors

NTC Thermistor

PTC Thermistor
Friday, July 28, 2017 21
4. Thermistors

c tnh

NTC Thermistor PTC Thermistor

Friday, July 28, 2017 22

4. Thermistors

u im
p ng nhanh
in tr thay i nhiu
in tr cao
Loi b vn in tr dy dn
Gi thnh thp hn RTD
Chu c rung v sc
Khuyt im
Phi tuyn
Khong o hp
in tr cao Pht nng chnh bn thn
t n nh hn RTD
Friday, July 28, 2017 23
4. Thermistors

ng dng
NTC
Dng o nhit , iu khin nhit , b nhit :
Cc in trong nh: t lnh, my git, ni cm
in, my sy tc,
Trong in t cng nghip: cc b n nh nhit
, cc b b nhit ,
Trong vin thng: dng o v b nhit cho
in thoi di ng
Cm bin mc cht lng
Da vo s khc nhau ca hng s tiu tn nhit
trong nc v khng kh hoc hi,

Friday, July 28, 2017 24

4. Thermistors
o nhit iu khin

o mc cht lng

Friday, July 28, 2017 25

4. Thermistors

B nhit

Friday, July 28, 2017 26

4. Thermistors

ng dng
PTC
PTC cng sut
Lm cu ch: bo v ngn mch/qu ti
Lm cng tc: khi ng ng c, kh t, thi gian
tr
B gia nhit
Ch th mc
Cm bin
Nhit : bo v qu nhit, o v iu khin
Nhit gii hn: bo v ng c, bo v qu nhit

Friday, July 28, 2017 27

5. IC o nhit

Ng ra in p
Ng ra dng in
Ng ra so snh
Mt s IC khc

Friday, July 28, 2017 28

5.1 Ng ra p

LM35/LM45
in p ng ra t l vi nhit (10 mV/ oC)
Khong o v chnh xc
LM35: T -55 oC n +150 oC, 1 oC
LM45: T -20 oC n +100 oC, 3 oC
Dng in tr ko xung chn ng ra o c
nhit di 0 oC

Friday, July 28, 2017 29

5.1 Ng ra p

LM35/LM45
o nhit di 0 oC

Friday, July 28, 2017 30

5.1 Ng ra p

Mt s IC khc
LM20:
in p ra t l nghch vi nhit oC (-11.7mV/oC)
LM135, LM235, LM335:
o nhit tuyt i (K) vi h s dng (+10mV/K)
LM34:
in p ng ra t l vi nhit oF (10mV/oF)

Friday, July 28, 2017 31

5.1 Ng ra p

Mt s IC khc
LM50:
Ng ra t l vi nhit oC (+10mV/oC) + 500mV
o c nhit m khng cn in tr ko xung
LM60:
Ng ra t l vi nhit oC (+6.25mV/oC) + 424mV
Ngun cung cp c th +2.7 V

Friday, July 28, 2017 32

5.2 Ng ra dng (LM134, LM234, LM334)

Dng in ng ra t l vi nhit tuyt i

nhy c iu chnh bng in tr ngoi
Ch cn cp ngun 1.2 V l IC hot ng c

Friday, July 28, 2017 33

5.3 Ng ra so snh

LM 26/LM27
1 ng ra tng t
1 ng ra so snh

Friday, July 28, 2017 34

5.3 Ng ra so snh

LM 56
1 ng ra tng t
2 ng ra so snh

Friday, July 28, 2017 35

5.4 Mt s IC khc

LM73/LM74/LM95071/
LM 86/LM89/LM90/

Friday, July 28, 2017 36

5. IC o nhit

u im
Tuyn tnh cao
Ng ra thay i ln
R tin
Khuyt im
o di 250 0C
p ng chm
Yu cu ngun cung cp
T pht nng

Friday, July 28, 2017 37

6. Nhit k hng ngoi

Cu to:

Hot ng:
Mi vt th u pht ra nng lng hng ngoi khi
nhit trn im khng tuyt i (0 K).
Gia nng lng hng ngoi v nhit ca vt th c
s tng quan vi nhau.
Nhit k hng ngoi o nng lng hng ngoi pht ra
t vt th v chuyn thnh tn hiu in o c.

Friday, July 28, 2017 38

6. Nhit k hng ngoi

Friday, July 28, 2017 39

6. Nhit k hng ngoi

Cc thng s cn quan tm
Khong o
Kch thc vt o
Khong cch o
i tng di chuyn hay c nh

Friday, July 28, 2017 40

6. Nhit k hng ngoi

u im:
o nhit nhng ni kh dng cm bin tip xc
Khng b hao mn, ma st lm vic c lu hn
Nhc im:
B nh hng bi cc bc x hng ngoi khc

Friday, July 28, 2017 41

6. Nhit k hng ngoi

ng dng:

Friday, July 28, 2017 42

Friday, July 28, 2017 43