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    Sofea Khalid
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    XHTML

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    Introduction to XHTML Part 1

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    XHTML

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    89 views17 pages

    Introduction To XHTML Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Sofea Khalid
    XHTML

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 17

    Chapter 2

    Introduction to XHTML

    Part 1 of 2
    pejal71@gmail.com
    Objectives

    By the end of this chapter, students will be able to

    identify
    important components of XHTML
    document

    use XHTML tags to create web page

    2 of 17
    Agenda

    Whatis XHTML?
    XHTML is a Web Standard
    Why XHTML?
    XHTML vs. HTML
    XHTML syntax (intro - part 1)

    3 of 17
    What is XHTML?

    stands for EXtensible Hypertext Markup


    Language
    aimed to replace HTML
    almost identical to HTML 4.01
    stricter and cleaner version of HTML

    4 of 17
    XHTML is a Web standard

    XHTML 1.0 became an official W3C


    Recommendation on January 26, 2000
    XHTML 1.1 May 31st 2001
    XHTML 5 28 October 2014
    the specification is stable
    has been reviewed by the W3C membership
    the specification is now a Web standard

    5 of 17
    Why XHTML?

    <html>
    <head>
    <title>This is bad HTML </title>
    <body>
    <h1>Bad HTML
    </body>

    thecode above works fine if you view in a web


    browser , even it does not follow the HTML rules

    6 of 17
    Why XHTML?

    we need a "well-formed" document. why?


    different browser technologies
    some browsers run on computers, some
    browsers run on mobile phones and some on
    palm pilots (do you know this?)
    problem in interpreting a "bad" markup
    language

    7 of 17
    Differences between XHTML & HTML?

    XHTML elements must be properly nested


    XHTML documents must be well-formed
    tag names must be in lowercase
    all XHTML elements must be closed

    8 of 17
    XHTML Documents must be
    properly nested
    inHTML, some elements can be improperly
    nested within each other like this:

    <b><i>This text is bold and italic </b></i>

    inXHTML, ALL elements must be properly


    nested within each other like this:

    <b><i>This text is bold and italic </i></b>

    9 of 17
    XHTML Documents must be
    well-formed
    must be nested within the <html> root element
    all other elements can have sub (children)
    elements
    sub elements must be in pairs and correctly nested
    within their parent elements.
    below is the basic document structure:

    <html>
    <head>. . . </head>
    <body>. . . </body>
    </html>

    10 of 17
    Tag Names Must Be in Lower Case

    XHTML documents are XML applications


    XML is case-sensitive
    tags like <br> and <BR> are interpreted as
    different tags

    This is Wrong This is Correct


    <BODY> <body>
    <P>This is a <p>This is a
    paragraph </P> paragraph</p>
    </BODY> </body>

    11 of 17
    ALL XHTML Elements
    Must Be Closed
    non-empty elements must have an end tag
    empty elements must also be closed

    This is Wrong This is Correct


    <p>This is a <p>This is a
    paragraph paragraph
    </p>
    This is a break <br> This is a break
    <br />

    12 of 17
    XHTML Basic Syntax

    an XHTML documents consists of 3 main parts


    1. the DOCTYPE
    2. the head
    3. the body
    the basic document structure is:
    <?xml . . . >
    <!DOCTYPE . . . >
    <html>
    <head> <title>... </title> </head>
    <body> ... </body>
    </html>

    13 of 17
    XHTML Basic Syntax

    theDOCTYPE declaration should always be in the


    second line after XML declaration.
    <html> tag is a must

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML
    1.0 Strict//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
    strict.dtd">

    an XHTML example (minimal)

    14 of 17
    XHTML <!DOCTYPE>

    the <!DOCTYPE> is mandatory. There are currently


    3 XHTML document types:
    STRICT - when you want really clean markup, free of
    presentational clutter. normally use this together with
    Cascading Style Sheet(CSS)
    TRANSITIONAL - when you want to take advantage of
    HTML's presentational features and when you want to
    support browsers that don't understand CSS
    FRAMESET - when you want to use frames to partition
    the browser window into two or more frames set

    15 of 17
    More XHTML Tags:

    comment ...
    more tags in the
    header next class
    paragraph homework: write an

    break
    XHTML document
    about yourself. you
    horizontal bar can include your
    bold, italic, font photo, strengths,
    list weaknesses, email
    link address etc. save your
    images
    document as
    your_id.html
    16 of 17
    Resources

    XHTML Tutorial
    http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp
    The W3C Markup Validaton Service
    http://validator.w3.org/

    17 of 17

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