Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MEASURES FOR
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE
illness
HOST
Defect
and Signs and
ENVIRONMENTAL CLINICAL HORIZON symptom
factors
Known or unknown
Tissue and
physiologic Immunity and
Bring AGENT and
changes resistance
HOST together
STIMULUS and AGENT
STIMULUS or BECOMES established and
AGENT becomes increases by multiplication or RECOVERY
Or Produce a increment
disease-provoking
PREPATHOGENESIS
PERIOD PERIOD OF PAT H O G E N E S I S
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANY DISEASE OF MAN
Interrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS
factors
Early Discernible Advanced
pathogenesis earlyl esions disease Convalescence
Production of STIMULUS
PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS
Epidemiology
- Sex: Wanita>>> laki2 , 5.8 : 1
- Umur tua >>>> 40 tahun, meningkat
oleh pertambahan umur
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OSTEO-ARTHRITIS
The course of the disease in man DEATH
PREPATHOGENESIS
PERIOD PERIOD OF PAT H O G E N E S I S
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OSTEORTRITIS
Interrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS
factors OA-
Early O-A MILD
MODERATE- REHABILITATION
pathogenesis
Production of STIMULUS SEVERE
PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS
HEALTH PROMOTION
1. Primary prevention:
1. Health promotion
Health education to avoid behaviour and
environment risk HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Balance diet:
Hormonal factor (age)
Exercise, along with balance diet to avoid
obesity
Avoid injury / Trauma
Avoid smoking
Levels of prevention
(OSTEO-ARTHRITIS)
2. Specific protection
Specific nutrient for joints
Reduce weight to reduce risk
Chondroprotective medicine
Assistive device to avoid injury
2. Secondary Prevention
3. Early diagnosis & prompt treatment:
- Screening for people in risk (age, obesity, sex,
hormonal factor)
- Adequate treatment
to avoid progression of disease:
analgesics, physical/occupational therapy, reduce
weight, chondro/joints protective nutrients/medicine,
assistive devices, follow-up
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Disability limitation
Minimise disability
(Surgery, use assistive device)
5. Rehabilitation
To rehabilitate as much as possible
individual normal ability: physical/
occupational therapy
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE
1. OA = has been explained
2. Rheumatoid Art.= 1% population
Women : men = 3-5 : 1
Peak incidence : 30s & 50s (could be
all ages
3. Gout 2-2.6 per 1000 population
>>>> men
4. SLE : reproductive age
Women >>> men
Incidence: 1: 1000
5. Osteoporosis: 15-20 juta orang (AS)
>>>women
66% of women aged 65 y have radiological
features of osteoporosis
About 50% women in western countries will
have fracture due to osteoporosis
25% of women aged 70s & 50% of 80s suffer
from spine (vertebrae) fracture
Hip fracture: the 12th cause of death in people
age > 65 years
IN MAKASSAR
Five major musculoskeletal disease in Wahidin Hospital
MAKASSAR 2002