Bhujbal Knowledge City

METs, Institute of Engineering

Presented By
Mr. Kuril Manish Suresh
(Exam Seat No. T120470854)

Guided By
Prof. N.S.Hyalij
Department of Mechanical Engineering
METs, Institute of Engineering,
BKC, Nashik-03
2016-2017
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MET Institute of Engineering
INTRODUCTION

Conventional thermal power stations use oil or coal as the source as

the source of energy.

In a nuclear power station instead of a furnace there is a nuclear

reactor, in which heat is generated by splitting atoms of radioactive
material under suitable conditions.

The heat is produced by fission process in a nuclear reactor.

Directly or indirectly, water vapor (steam) is produced.

The pressurized steam is then usually fed to a multi-stage steam

turbine.
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WHAT IS NUCLEAR REACTOR?

A nuclear reactor is a system that contains and

controls sustained nuclear chain reactions.

Reactors are used for generating electricity,

moving aircraft carriers and submarines and
cancer treatment, and for conducting research.

Fuel, made up of heavy atoms that split when

they absorb neutrons, is placed into the reactor
vessel (basically a large tank) along with a small
neutron source.
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How The Nuclear Power Plant Works:
Fission Reaction
Fission is the splitting of a large atom into
two or more smaller ones.
In fission reaction, a neutron is absorbed by
uranium-235 atom turning it briefly into an
excited uranium-236 atom.
The uranium236 in turn splits into fast
moving lighter elements (fission products) and
releasing kinetic energy, gamma radiation, and
free neutrons.
As more and more atoms split inside the
reactor, a large amount of heat is produced.
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MET Institute of Engineering

Parts of Nuclear Reactor

A. Nuclear fuel:

B. Reactor core:

C. Moderator:

D. Control rods:

E. Reflector:

G. Coolant:

F. Reactor vessel:
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Multiple Layers to Safety

45 inch steel-reinforced concrete

1/4 inch steel liner

36 inch concrete shielding

8 inch steel reactor vessel

nuclear fuel assemblies

Nuclear Reactor
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Most Common Nuclear Reactors Used Are:

1. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

2. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

3. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

4. Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR)

5. Liquid Metal Cooled Rector

6. Heavy Water Cooled And Moderated Type Reactor

7. Water-Water Energetic Reactor (WWER)

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Components Of Nuclear Reactor Power Plants

A) Nuclear Reactor:
B) Cooling System:
C) Steam
Generator/Boiler:
D) Safety Valves:
E) Feed water pump:
F) Steam Turbine:
G) Electric Generator:
H) Cooling Towers:
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Nuclear Power Plants In India MET Institute of Engineering

Power Operator State Type Units Total capacity

station (MW)

Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 4 880

Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 220 x 2 440

Madras NPCIL Tamil Nadu PHWR 220 x 2 440

Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 440

Kota NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 100 x 1

200 x 1 1180
220 x 4

Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra BWR 160 x 2 1440

PHWR 540 x 2

Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu WWER 1000 x 1 1000

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NUCLEAR POWER IN INDIA

Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source

of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable
sources of electricity.
As of 2016, India has 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear
power plants, having an installed capacity of 6780 MW, while six
other plants are under construction and are expected to generate
an additional 4300 MW.
Nuclear power plants produces 16% of the worlds electricity.
They produce a total of 351 gigawatts (billion watts) of electricity.
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Advantages Of Nuclear Reactor Power Plant

Space requirement of a nuclear power plant is less as compared to other
conventional power plants of equal size.

A nuclear power plant consumes very small quantity of fuel. Thus fuel
transportation cost is less and large fuel storage facility is not needed.

Nuclear power plants are well suited to meet large power demands. They give
better performance at higher load.

The production of electric energy is continuous.

A nuclear power plant is generating electricity for almost 90% of annual time.
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Disadvantages Of Nuclear Reactor Power Plant

Initial cost of nuclear power plant is higher as compared to hydro or
steam power plant.

Nuclear power plants are not well suited for varying load conditions.

Radioactive wastes if not disposed carefully may have bad effect on

the health of workers and other population.

It requires highly trained persons to handle nuclear power plants.

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CONCLUSION
Widely used nuclear energy can be of great benefit for mankind. It can
bridge the gap caused by inadequate coal and oil supply. It should be
used to as much extent as possible to solve power problem.
With further developments, it is likely that the cost of nuclear power
stations will be lowered and that they will soon be competitive.
With the depletion of fuel reserves and the question of transporting
fuel over long distances, nuclear power stations are taking an
important place in the development of the power potentials of the
nations of the world today in the context of the changing pattern of
power.
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References
Power plant engineering by A.K.Raja

An Introduction to Nuclear Power Generation by Christopher

E. Bremen, California institute of technology Pasadena, California.

Abdul Karim et al. NUCLEAR REACTOR AND ITS WORKING. web.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant
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THANK YOU