Modernity and

Modernization
Outline of the Report
Tracing Modernity and its Definition through its Intellectual History
and Characterizing its Main Features
Framing, Describing and Critiquing the Classical Theory of
Modernization
Nation-Building, Values and the Machine: Modernity and
Modernization in the Post-World War II Philippines
Modern, Modernity, Modernization
Modern Modernity Modernization

break from the CONDITION of Ensemble of a

past being modern well-defined
(Latin) : modernus Berman (1983, PROCESS and
modo here and 15): implies modernity
the now mode of vital
Tradition of the experience
new paradoxical
At its core, is unity, unity of
CHANGE or disunity
PROGRESS
Characteristics of Modernization

The development
Global capitalist
of science and Industrialization
market
technology

Structural
differentiation and Transformation of
functional the class system
specialization
Characteristics of Modernization
Establishment of
establishment of the
Secularization and the modern values such as
nation-states and the
civil society over the individualism,
rise of the political
church rationalism and
movements
utilitarianism

Demographic Privatization of family Democratization of

disturbances life education

Development of the
Compression of time
means of material and
and space and their
symbolic
organization
communication
Dimensions of Modernization

Economic modernization Social modernization

Modernizatio
n
Political modernization Culture of modernity
Economic and Social Dimension of
Modernization
Refers to the system of INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION applying SCIENTIFICALLY-BASED
technological d
RATIONALITY stemming from neoclassical economy and Keynesian economy
Agencies such as the Bretton Woods Institutions (World Bank, IMF) and leading
academic consortiums (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social
Research) understood the disparity among nations through the GNI
Manifestations in the DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, URBANIZATION and shift in the
role of women
Political Dimension of Modernization
liberalization and democratization with the emphasis
on the citizens rights, the separation of powers in the
three branches of government
Fundamental Processes:
1. The Formation of the Modern Nation-State
2. Diversification and Integration of Institutions take part in
political sphere
3. Development of Equality among Citizens
Cultural Dimension of Modernization: culture of
modernity
Webers idea of Occidental Rationalization
Method: comparative sociology of religion and
political sociology
RATIONALISM, INDIVIDUALISM/SUBJECTIVITY and
UTILITARINISM as the values of the culture of
modernity
Is Modernization also being
Western?

Establishment of NATION STATE

Emergence of MODERN DEMOCRACY

Establishment of NATION STATE

Emergence of MODERN DEMOCRACY

Emergence of
MODERN SCIENCE
and MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
Is Modernization also being
Western?
Post-World War II
Post-World War II
Second
First World Third World
World
Capitalist Less Developed
Planned Economy
Economy Econonmy

Newly-Formed
Liberal Socialist Nation States
Democracy Communist
(Non-Alignment)
Emergence of Social Sciences and
its role in Modernization
 Modernization Research

First Wave: Classical Modernization Research

1950-1960s: Golden Age of

Second Wave: Postmodernization Research
Modernization Research: Third Wave: New
Classic Theory of Postindustrial society Modernization Research
Modernization Postmodernism
1970s-1980s: lowest point: Postmodernization
Dependency Theory, World-
Systems Theory
1980s-1990s: NICs and
neoliberalism
Social Action Theory: Structural Functionalism as
the Social and Cultural Theory of Modernization
Social Action Theory
Social Action Theory
 Social Action Theory: Parsons and
Shills
TRADITIONAL Variables MODERN SOCIETY
SOCIETY
Ascribed STATUS Achieved
Specific Diffused
Affective
Particular
Self Collective
Structural-Functionalism
Critical Thresholds: Economic Theories of
Modernization
WW Rustow and the Ladder of
Development
Rostows Stages of Development
WW Rustow and the ladder of
Development
Crises of Political Development
Individual and Collective Actors
National
Political Military
Leaders

Modernizin
Intellectuals
g Elites
Modernity and
Modernization
Joni Mitchells Big Yellow Taxi
Critical Target of Modernization
Dichotomy between Tradition
and Modern

Rigidity and Dogmatic Adherence

to Evolutionary Perspective

Emphasis on the endogenous

variable

Accentuation of the role of

individual and collective actors
Epistemological Criticisms of
Modernization
Modernization = Westernization

Inevitability of capitalist market

Ignoring alternative strategies

Critiques of modernization: dependency
theory
and world systems theory
Latin American Structuralism (dependencia)

Dependency
Raul Prebisch and the ECLA
External factors as the root of underdevelopment

Theory (International Relations)

Self-Reliance through Import-Substitution
Industrialization

World Immanuel Wallerstein

3 world systems: World Empire, World Economy and
Systems World Socialism
International Division of Labor: Core, Periphery and
Theory Semi-Periphery
How does Modernization and
Dependency Theories diverge and
converge?
Modernity and Modernization in the
Post-World War II Philippines
Nation-Building Values Machines

Nation- Frank Lynch Modernization

building and and the of the
post-war Institute of Agricultural
liberalism Philippine Sector
Culture
Modernity and Modernization in Marcos Years:
Development Strategy and New Society
Development Strategy New Society Edifice Complex

Green Revolution, Imelda and her

Export designer
Agriculture and New Society as hospitals as an
Forest, Foreign the final stage of example of
Borrowing the Revolution modernity
from the center
 Summing Up
Modernization theory was a dominant discourse in the reconstruction and
decolonization period and continues to be a school of thought to understand
development and international relations.
Plurality of different routes to and through modernity gives rise to concept of
multiple modernities.
Modernization is both a global process and global condition
Modernization involves all aspects of human life
In analyzing modernization, the presence of external and internal factors makes it
hard to pinpoint specific driving force of modernization. Moreover, the dogmatic
and rigid adherence of the socioeconomic planners and social scientists