Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)
1) Introduction:
Single walled zigzag carbon
nanotube(Fig 1.1)
Single walled, multi walled and bundles
of carbon nanotubes(Fig 1.2)
some Selective properties of
CNTs (Fig 1.3)
Laser ablation method for the
synthesis of CNTs (Fig 1.4)
Chemical vapor deposition method for
the synthesis of CNTs (Fig 1.5)
REFERENCE:
Legendary Swords' Sharpness, Strength
From Nanotubes, Study Says
Jump up^Gullapalli, S.; Wong, M.S.
(2011). "Nanotechnology: A Guide to
Nano-Objects"(PDF). Chemical
Engineering Progress. 107 (5): 2832.
Jump up^Mintmire, J.W.; Dunlap, B.I.;
White, C.T. (1992). "Are Fullerene
Tubules Metallic?". Phys. Rev.
Lett. 68 (5):
.
A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer
scale. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair. CNT are unique
because the bonding between the atoms is very strong and the tubes can have extreme aspect ratios. In addition,
owing to their extraordinary thermal conductivity mechanical, and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes find
applications as additives to various structural materials. For instance, nanotubes form a tiny portion of the material(s)
in some (primarily carbon fiber) baseball bats, golf clubs, car parts or damascus steel.
2) Types of carbon nanotubes:
Single walled
Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, and can be many millions of times
longer. The structure of a SWNT can be conceptualized by wrapping a one-atom-thick layer of graphite called
graphene into a seamless cylinder
Multi walled
Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) consist of multiple rolled layers (concentric tubes) of graphene. There are two
models that can be used to describe the structures of multi-walled nanotubes.
Russian Doll model
Parchment model
Junction & cross linking
Junctions between 2 or more nanotubes have been widely discussed theoretically. Such junctions are quite frequently
observed in samples prepared by arc discharge as well as by chemical vapor deposition.
3) Properties:
Mechanical
Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic
modulus respectively. This strength results from the covalent sp2 bonds formed between the individual carbon atoms.
In 2000, a multi-walled carbon nanotube was tested to have a tensile strength of 63 gigapascals (9,100,000 psi)
Electrical
carbon nanotubes are either metallic or semiconducting along the tubular axis. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n = m,
the nanotube is metallic; if n m is a multiple of 3 and n m and nm 0, then the nanotube is quasi-metallic with a
very small band gap, otherwise the nanotube is a moderate semiconductor.
Optical:
Carbon nanotubes have useful absorption, photoluminescence (fluorescence), and Raman spectroscopy properties.
Spectroscopic methods offer the possibility of quick and non-destructive characterization of relatively large amounts
of carbon nanotubes. There is a strong demand for such characterization from the industrial point of view: numerous
parameters of the nanotube synthesis can be changed, intentionally or unintentionally, to alter the nanotube quality.
4) Synthesis:
Techniques have been developed to produce nanotubes in sizable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation,
high-pressure carbon monoxide disproportionation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Most of these processes
take place in a vacuum or with process gases. The CVD growth method is popular, as it yields high purity and has a
high degree of control over diameter, length and morphology. Using particulate catalysts, large quantities of
nanotubes can be synthesized by these methods; advances in catalysis and continuous growth are making CNTs more
commercially viable
5) Applications:
CNTs Field Emission,
CNTs Conductive Properties
CNTs Energy Storage
CNTs Conductive Adhesive
CNTs Thermal Materials ,
CNTs Structural Applications
CNTs Fibers & Fabrics
CNTs Catalyst Supports
CNTs Biomedical Applications
CNTs Air & Water Filtration
SUBMITTED TO: Mam AFIA
PRESENTED BY: GRP# 5
(85, 83, 82, 58 )