Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3
Cisco IOS
Operating Systems
4
Cisco IOS
Purpose of OS
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Router/Switch Bootup Process (more in later course)
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Bootup Process
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Where is the permanent configuration file stored used during boot-up? NVRAM (B)
Where is the diagnostics software stored executed by hardware modules? ROM (D)
Where is the backup (partial) copy of the IOS stored? ROM (D)
Where is IOS permanently stored before it is copied into RAM? FLASH (C)
Where are all changes to the configuration immediately stored? RAM (A)
A B C D
A B C D
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Cisco IOS
CCO Account Benefits and IOS Files
This video introduces Cisco Connection Online (CCO). CCO has a wealth of
information available regarding Cisco products and services. 13
Accessing a Cisco IOS Device
Console Access Method
Most common methods to access the Command Line Interface
Console
Telnet or SSH
AUX port
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Accessing a Cisco IOS Device
Console Access Method
Console port
Device is accessible even if no networking services
have been configured (out-of-band)
Need a special console cable (aka rollover cable)
Allows configuration commands to be entered
Should be configured with passwords to prevent
unauthorized access
Device should be located in a secure room so console
port can not be easily accessed
15
Establishing a HyperTerminal session (next week)
Router
Console port
Terminal or a
PC with
Rollover cable
terminal
emulation
software
Dumb Terminal
18
Accessing a Cisco IOS Device
Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods
Telnet
Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network
Require active networking services and one active interface that
is configured
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C:\> ping
C:\> ssh
Ethernet Connection
Network connection needed
NIC
When can you use a network connection to
connect to the router? When there is a network
connection to the router (telnet).
What software/command do you need? TCP/IP, Terminal prompt (DOS),
Tera Term, etc.
What cable and ports do you use? PC & Router: Ethernet NIC
Ethernet straight-through cable
When should you not use a network When the change may
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connection to configure the router? disconnect the telnet connection.
Accessing a Cisco IOS Device
Terminal Emulation Programs
21
Navigating the IOS
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
22
Navigating the IOS
Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
enable
configure terminal
23
Navigating the IOS
Primary Modes
enable
enable
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Navigating the IOS
Global Configuration Mode and Submodes
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Common Commands for Switches and Routers
Switch> user mode
Switch> enable
Switch# privilege mode
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# exit
Switch# config t
Switch(config)# hostname name
Switch(config)# enable secret password privilege password
Switch(config)# line console 0 console password
Switch(config-line)# password password
Switch(config-line)# login
Switch(config)# line vty 0 4 telnet password
Switch(config-line)# password password
Switch(config-line)# login
Switch(config)# banner motd # message # banner
Switch(config)# interface type number configure interface
Switch(config-if)# description description
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Making your life easier!
Switch# enable
Switch(config)# line console 0 Console port
Switch(config-line)# logging synchronous IOS will not
Switch(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0 password
Switch(config)# no ip domain-lookup password
Switch(config-line)# login
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Navigating the IOS
Navigating between IOS Modes
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The Command Structure
IOS Command Structure
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The Command Structure
Cisco IOS Command Reference
IOS Command Conventions
The general syntax for a command is the command followed by any
appropriate keywords (defined) and arguments (undefined).
An argument is generally not a predefined word.
An argument is a value or variable defined by the user.
Switch(config-if)# description string
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The Command Structure
Cisco IOS Command Reference
For the ping command:
Switch> ping IP-address
Switch> ping 10.10.10.5
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The Command Structure
Context Sensitive Help
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The Command Structure
Command Syntax Check
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The Command Structure
Command Syntax Check
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The Command Structure
Command Syntax Check
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The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or
keyword
Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line
Ctrl-A Moves cursor to the beginning of the line
Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC
Down Arrow - Allows the user to scroll forward through former
commands
Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through former
commands
Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such
as ping or traceroute.
Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration
mode
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The Command Structure
IOS Examination Commands
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The Command Structure
The show version Command
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The Command Structure
Navigating the IOS
41
Hostnames
Why the Switch
Lets focus on
Creating a two PC network connected via a switch
Setting a name for the switch
Limiting access to the device configuration
Configuring banner messages
Saving the configuration
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Hostnames
Device Names
Hostnames allow devices to be identified by network administrators
over a network or the Internet.
Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should:
Start with a letter
Contain no spaces
End with a letter or digit
Use only letters, digits, and dashes
Be less than 64 characters in length
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Hostnames
Configuring Hostnames
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Limiting Access to Device Configurations
Securing Device Access
The passwords introduced here are:
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Limiting Access to Device Configurations
Securing Privileged EXEC Access
class
use the enable secret command, not the older enable password
command
enable secret provides greater security because the password is
encrypted
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Limiting Access to Device Configurations
Securing User EXEC Access
47
Limiting Access to Device Configurations
Encrypting Password Display
service password-
encryption
prevents
passwords from
showing up as plain
text when viewing
the configuration
purpose of this
command is to keep
unauthorized
individuals from
viewing passwords
in the configuration
file
once applied,
removing the
encryption service
does not reverse the
encryption
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Limiting Access to Device Configurations
Banner Messages
Switch(config)# banner motd # This is a secure system Authorized
Access Only!!! #
Sw-Floor3(config)#
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Saving Configurations
Configuration Files
Switch# show running-config
<Changes made>
Switch# delete vlan.dat
Delete filename [vlan.dat]?
Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]
Switch# erase startup-config
Switch# reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: n
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
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Saving Configurations
Capturing Text
51
Saving Configurations
Capturing Text
52
Ports and Addresses
IP Addressing in the Large
Each end device on a
network must be
configured with an IP
address
Structure of an IPv4
address is called
dotted decimal
IP address displayed in
decimal notation, with
four decimal numbers
between 0 and 255
With the IP address, a
subnet mask is also
necessary
IP addresses can be
assigned to both
physical ports and
virtual interfaces
IPv4 and IPv6
addresses will be
discussed in more 53
detail later
Ports and Addresses
Interfaces and Ports
Terms are used interchangeably
Some interfaces can be can be configured with an IP address such as:
NIC (Ethernet interface) on a host/computer
Routers Ethernet or Serial interfaces
54
Addressing Devices
Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface
Allows the network administrator to communicate (SSH, telnet, ping) with the
switch.
It is OPTIONAL
Layer 2 switches do NOT need an IP address to forward Ethernet frames.
IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device on
internetwork (more later)
Subnet mask - determines which part of a larger network is used by an IP address
interface VLAN 1 - interface configuration mode
ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 - configures the IP address and subnet
mask for the switch
no shutdown - administratively enables the interface
Switch still needs to have physical ports configured and VTY lines to enable
remote management 55
Addressing Devices
Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices
More later!
56
Addressing Devices
Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices
More later!
57
Addressing Devices
IP Address Conflicts
More later!
58
In Class Lab
59
Verifying Connectivity
Test the Loopback Address on an End Device
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Verifying Connectivity
Testing End-to-End Connectivity
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Configuring a Network Operating System
Chapter 2 Summary
Services provided by the Cisco IOS accessed using a command-line
interface (CLI)
accessed by either the console port, the AUX port, or through
telnet or SSH
can make configuration changes to Cisco IOS devices
a network technician must navigate through various hierarchical
modes of the IOS
Cisco IOS routers and switches support a similar operating system
Introduced the initial settings of a Cisco IOS switch device
setting a name
limiting access to the device configuration
configuring banner messages
saving the configuration
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DEMO
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In Class Lab
65
Fundamentals of Networking
Chapter 2: Configuring a Network
Operating System
Fall 2013