Section 6

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Network Administration

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-1

 Contents

OSI Model Presentation

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Communication Structure

LAN Basis Elements

WAN Basis Elements

Available Tools

Troubleshooting Methodology

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-2

 OSI Model Presentation
Introduction

Layer 7 APPLICATION Semantics of data

User applications
Layer 6 PRESENTATION Data syntax
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layer 5 SESSION Dialog structure

Synchronization
Multiplexing
Layer 4 TRANSPORT Class selection

Layer 3 NETWORK Routing

Addressing

Layer 2 DATA LINK Error control framing

Layer 1 PHYSICAL Physical/Electrical interfaces

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-3

 OSI Model Presentation
Lower Layer Infrastructure

Layer 7 APPLICATION Semantics of data

User applications
Layer 6 PRESENTATION Data syntax
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layer 5 SESSION Dialog structure

Synchronization
Multiplexing
Layer 4 TRANSPORT Class selection

Layer 3 NETWORK Routing

Addressing

Layer 2 DATA LINK Error control framing

Layer 1 PHYSICAL Physical/Electrical interfaces

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-4

 OSI Model Presentation
Upper Layer Infrastructure

Layer 7 APPLICATION Semantics of data

User applications
Layer 6 PRESENTATION Data syntax
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layer 5 SESSION Dialog structure

Synchronization
Multiplexing
Layer 4 TRANSPORT Class selection

Layer 3 NETWORK Routing

Addressing

Layer 2 DATA LINK Error control framing

Layer 1 PHYSICAL Physical/Electrical interfaces

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-5

 "Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN
March, 2000
Student Notes

Network Administration
6-6
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Communication Structure

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-7

 Communication Structure
Manager-Mediation Device

CMIP CMIP
FTAM FTAM
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Application ROSE Layer 7 Application ROSE Layer 7

layer layer
ACSE ACSE

PRESENTATION Layer 6 PRESENTATION Layer 6

SESSION Layer 5 SESSION Layer 5

RFC 1006 CLASS 2 RFC 1006 CLASS2

Layer 4 OVER CONS Layer 4
TCP OVER CONS TCP

IP X.25-3 Layer 3 IP X.25-3 Layer 3

802.3 LAP-B Layer 2 802.3 LAP-B Layer 2

SYNCHRONOUS SYNCHRONOUS
Ethernet Layer 1 Ethernet SERIAL LINK Layer 1
SERIAL LINK
Q3
MANAGER MEDIATION DEVICE

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-8

 Communication Structure
Local Workstation - OMC Server

LOCAL WORKSTATION SERVER

OMC-R application operating system OMC-R application operating system
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layers TLI Layers

TLI
5-7 5-7

TCP/ Layer 4
Layer 4 TCP/

Layer 3 IP Layer 3
IP
Layer 2 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 Layer 2

Layer 1 Ethernet Ethernet Layer 1

Twisted pair

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-9

 Communication Structure
Remote Workstation - OMC Server

REMOTE WORKSTATION SERVER

OMC-R application operating system OMC-R application operating system
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layers Layers
TLI TLI
5-7 5-7
ROUTER ROUTER
Layer 4 TCP/ TCP/ Layer 4
IP X.25-3 X.25-3 IP
Layer 3 Layer 3
IP IP
IEEE IEEE
802.3
LAP-B LAP-B 802.3
Layer 2 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 Layer 2
Serial Serial
Ethernet Ethernet commun- commun- Ethernet Ethernet
Layer 1 ication ication Layer 1
Twisted Pair Twisted Pair

X.25 network

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-10

 Communication Structure
OMC Server - BSC
OMC-R Application
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layer 7
FTAM

Layer 6 Presentation

Layer 5 Session

Transport class 0 - 2
Layer 4
X.25-3
Layer 3
LAP-B
Layer 2
Synchronous serial
communications
Layer 1 BSC
OMN

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-11

 Communication Structure
OMC-R/BSS Connectivity

OMC-R OMC-R
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

36111 MainStreet
(OST Newbridge)
PSPDN V11, V24, V35
(Transpac) PSDN
(Telenet)
DPN100
(Nortel)
V11, V24, V35,
RS449, PCM
BSC BSC

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-12

 Communication Structure
OMC-R/BSC Link Through an X.25 Switch

HSI Board
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

HSI terminal block

25 pins
BSC
15 pins BSC
OMC-R Server RS422
V.24 BSC
BSC
V.11 cable X.25 Switch

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-13

 Communication Structure
OMC-R/BSC Link Through the A Interface

TS2
server
TS2
station
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

0
1
TCU 2
0
0 3

pcm
0 1
TCU 1 X.25 station
BSC 2 MSC
1 3 pcm switch
2
0 DPN 100
TCU 1
2
2 3 3
station
HSI
Ater A

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-14

 Communication Structure
ROT-Server Communication Through PSTN

ROT MODEM TERMINAL SERVER WORKSTATION

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

OMC-R application
Inter-protocol services

TCP/ 4 TCP/

IP 3 IP
terminal emulation

IEEE 802.3 2 IEEE 802.3

modem 1 1 RS232 Ethernet 1 Ethernet

(PSTN) coaxial cable link

Previously established
data circuit

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-15

 Communication Structure
ROT - Server Communication Through BTS S8000
BTS S8000 BSC

C P PCM
Asynchronous link S A
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

W D
9600 bps M X28 LAPD

2 x X.25 links
19200 bps

X.25 Network
2 x X.25 links
64 kbps
PAD PAD
X29 X29
OMC-R OMC-R
Server Server
ETHERNET

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-16

 "Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN
March, 2000
Network Administration
LAN Basis Elements

6-17
 LAN Basis Elements
Network Configuration File
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

/etc/hosts
for remote access
/.rhosts

/etc/networks to define remote networks (only on server)

/etc/ethers to define Ethernet address

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-18

 LAN Basis Elements
Network Configuration: IP Address
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

File /etc/hosts: it contains the IP address of all the

machines making up the OMC-R

Format: IP address <tab> Hostname <tab> Alias

Example: 42.1.1.10 <tab> zstat1 <tab> zs5

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-19

 LAN Basis Elements
Network Configuration: Hostname
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

File .rhosts: Allows to control the incoming remote accesses

Has to be located in the home directory of the user

First Format: Hostname <username>

Example: zserv1
zstat1
zstat2

Second Format: + username

Example: + root
+ omc

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-20

 LAN Basis Elements
Network Communication: Network Address
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

File /etc/ networks: it contains the IP address of all

the networks making up an OMC-R
(main network, remote networks)

Format:
network_name <tab> IP_network address <tab> Alias <tab> # comments

Example: OMC_1 NET_1 192.1.1 OMC-1 # Main OMC-R network

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-21

 LAN Basis Elements
Network Communication: Ethernet Address
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

File /etc/ethers: it contains the Ethernet address

of network machines

Format: Ethernet address Hostname

Example: 8:0:20:45:c6:1e zstat1

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-22

 LAN Basis Elements
IP Address (Internet) Scheme

Each node is assigned an IP Address:

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Coded in 4 bytes
Has two parts:
network address
machine (node) address

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-23

 LAN Basis Elements
IP Addresses (Internet) Classes

Internet network classes

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Class 1st. Byte Network Address Machine Address

A 0-127 XXX XXX.XXX.XXX

B 128-191 XXX.XXX XXX.XXX
C 192-223 XXX.XXX.XXX XXX

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-24

 LAN Basis Elements
Subnetwork Notion

128.10.1.0
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

G S1 S2
INTERNET T
W 128.10.1.1 128.10.1.2

128.10.2.0

S3 S4

128.10.2.1 128.10.2.2

Internet network address = 128.10 (class B)

Subnetwork address is located in the third byte
Subnet Mask = FF.FF.FF.00

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-25

 DNS: Domain Name Service/NIS Network
Information Service

machine1

Primary DNS Server

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Centralized IP mapping table

machine1 --- IP address1
machine2 machine2 --- IP address2
machine3 --- IP address3
machine4 --- IP address4
DNS clients

Secondary DNS Server

machine3

machine4

DNS client

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-26

 "Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN
March, 2000
Network Administration
Wan Basis Elements

6-27
 WAN Basis Elements
DTE/DCE
DTE DTE
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Physical layer Physical layer

DTE/DCE Communication link DTE/DCE

junction DCE DCE
junction

Data circuit

DTE = Data Terminating Equipment (Terminal, PC, host computer ..)

DCE = Data Circuit terminating Equipment (Modem, entry point of X.25 network ..)

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-28

 WAN Basis Elements
Asynchronous / Synchronous Communication

Host
PC
start bit stop bit
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Receptor clock

activated
Host1 Host2
syn syn

Frame

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-29

 WAN Basis Elements
X.25 Parameters

Rate
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Frame window
Packet window
Packet size
Timer T1
Number of Virtual Circuits
First logical channel number 0 or 1

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-30

 "Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN
March, 2000
Network Administration
Available Tools

6-31
 Available Tools
X.25 Administrative Tool
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-32

 Available Tools
bscMdInterface Configuration
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-33

 Available Tools
FTAM Configuration Tool
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-34

 Available Tools
X.25trace

Call request

Call accept
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Call clear
PSDN
Clear conf

or

PSPDN

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-35

 Available Tools
X.25 Communication Check
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PSDN
HSI 1
BB
Active or
Server
HSI 0
BB PSPDN

Principle: Access to port HSI 1 from port HSI 0 and conversely

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-36

 Troubleshooting Methodology

Layer 7 APPLICATION
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Layer 6 PRESENTATION

Layer 5 SESSION

Layer 4 TRANSPORT Investigation Sense

Layer 3 NETWORK

Layer 2 DATA LINK

Layer 1 PHYSICAL

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN March, 2000 Network Administration 6-37

 "Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0303 12.02/EN
March, 2000
Student Notes

Network Administration
6-38