RA 9514 SSC Presentation Rule 10

RA 9514
FIRE CODE
OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Of 2008
FO2 GABRIEL G SOLANO, UAP
Admin Staff, Office of the Regional Director
BFP Regional Headquarters 5
BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

RULE 10
Fire Safety Measures
RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

Trivia
75% of the Fire Code IRR is dedicated
for Rule 10
Majority of the rules in PD 1185 are
collapsed into Rule 10 of RA 9514 IRR
It follows, adopts and even site
International fire safety measures such
as NFPA.

NOTE!
The Fire Code is an independent law.
Thus it sets independent design
restrictions per type of occupancy. Its
classification of types of occupancy for
one is different from that of the Building
Code.

NOTE!
Many architects find the Fire Code in
contrast with the National Building Code
in terms of the provisions on design
measurements/restrictions.

NOTE!
Many architects find the Fire Code in
contrast with the National Building Code
in terms of the provisions on design
measurements/restrictions.

NOTE!
BUT let us settle it here!
There are no Contradictions!
The Fire Code Simply sets MORE

STRICT Restrictions in consideration to
fire safety.

NOTE!
A Department of Justice (DOJ)
interpretation on this matter puts the Fire
Code in higher authority compared to
the NBC because it provides more strict
design restrictions and it addresses
current issues being the latest.

So whats in Rule 10?

In Rule 10 youll find
Means of Egress
Safety for hazardous materials and operations
Different Types of Occupancy
Fire safety provisions per type of occupancy
And design restrictions for specific types

For this presentation we will
talk more on the following
Basic Design Restrictions (General
Requirements)
Types of Occupancy
Design restrictions per occupancy

Lets talk about the Basic
Design Restrictions

Means of Egresses
A continuous, unobstructed route of exit
from any point in the building to a public way.
Shall be integral or permanently affixed to a
Building.
Minimum width: 915mm

Number of exits
For any storey, mezzanine, balcony, etc:
0-499 occupant load: 2 exits
500-1000 occupant load: 3 exits
1000 or more: 4 exits

Travel distance per exits
Depends on occupancy
For individual rooms with max. O.L of 6:
15 meters from any point in the room

Discharge from exits
Exits should terminate directly at a public way or
an exit discharge
Exit discharge: Yards, courts, open spaces, etc.
Exits that continue beyond the floor of discharge:

provide an interruption

Headroom clearance
Minimum of 2.00m

Doors
Provide a self-closing mechanism for exit doors
Clear opening: 710mm-1220mm
Maximum threshold height: 13mm

Panic hardware
A mechanical device which when pushed
from the inside will cause the door to open
Maximum required force: 7kg-f
2/3 the width of the door
760-112mm above the floor

Stairs
All stairways designated as a means of egress
should be continuous from the uppermost floor
level to the ground floor
Two sets of requirements
New stairs
Existing stairs

Stairs
Table 2: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW STAIRS
Dimensional Criteria
Feature
mm in
Minimum Width See Table 4
Maximum height of risers 180 7
Minimum height of risers 100 4
Minimum tread depth 280 11
Minimum headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between landings 3660 144

Stairs
Table 3: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR EXISTING STAIRS
Feature
mm in
Minimum width clear of all 915 36
obstructions, except projections
not more than 114 mm (4 in) at or
below handrail height on each side
Maximum height of risers 205 8
Minimum tread depth 230 9
Minimum headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between landings 3660 144

Stairs
Table 4: NEW STAIR WIDTH
Total Cumulative Occupant Width
Load Assigned to the Stair mm in
<2000 persons 1120 44
>2000 persons 1420 56

Stairs
Smoke proof enclosures may be by any of the
following means:
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation
Stairway Pressurization

Handrails
760mm-865mm from upper surface of tread

Ramps
Table 5: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW RAMPS
Feature
mm in
Minimum width clear of all 1120 44
obstructions, except projections
not more than 4 in. (114 mm) at
or below handrail height on each side
Maximum slope 1 in 12
Maximum cross slope 1 in 48
Maximum rise for a single ramp run 760 30

Fire escape stairs
Allowed as means of egress only in existing
buildings
Should not constitute more than 50% of required
exit capacity

Ladders
Not allowed as fire escape or means of egress

Exit Markings
Label all exits as EXIT
Provide directional signs for locations where the
direction of travel to exit is not obvious
The word EXIT should be in letters at least 15cm
high with strokes of letters at least 19mm wide

Emergency evacuation
plan
Minimum dimension: letter size
Posted in strategic and conspicuous locations
Photoluminescent background

Features of
Fire Protection

Protection of vertical
openings
Stairways, elevator shafts, chutes and other
vertical openings shall be enclosed or protected to
prevent the spread of fire, except if protected by
automatic fire suppression systems

Fire Alarms
Notifies occupants of the building and, when
required, emergency forces
Automatic fire department notification is required
for:
High rise buildings
Hospitals
Schools, hotels, apartments 4 storeys or taller
Malls

Wet standpipes
Wet standpipes required for the following:
Assembly occupancies with at least 1,000 occupant load
Schools, hospitals, businesses, hotels, etc. 4 storeys or
taller
Hazardous occupancies exceeding 1,860 sqmper floor
Exceptions:
Buildings with an approved sprinkler system

Wet standpipes
All portions of the building must be within
6meters of a nozzle attached to a 22.00m long hose
Minimum of 64mm diameter

Lets go with the different
types of occupancy

Remember the Occupancy
type set by the Fire Code is
different in some ways with
the National Building
Code
Assembly Type
Occupancy

All buildings/rooms used for purposes of
gathering, worship, eating, drinking, viewing,
sports, waiting and similar uses with more than 50
occupants.

Assembly
Examples:
1. theaters; 9. classrooms of 50 16. cockpit arenas;
2. assembly halls; persons and over
capacity; 17. bowling facilities;
3. auditorium; 10. libraries; 18. pool rooms;
4. exhibition halls; 11. internet shops of
over 50 persons 19. armories;
5. museum; capacity; 20. passenger stations
6. restaurants; 12. dance halls; and terminals of air,
7. drinking 13. club rooms; surface,
establishments; 14. skating rinks; underground, and
8. places of worship; 15. gymnasiums; marine public
transportation
facilities;

Occupant load
Concentrated use without fixed seats, such as
auditoriums, places of worship, dance floors: 0.65
sqm/person
Less concentrated use such as conference rooms, dining

rooms, gyms: 1.40sqm/person
Standing rooms/waiting space:0.28sqm/person

Minimum corridor width
If serving 50 or more persons: 1120mm
Travel distance
46 meters if with sprinkler system
61 meters if without sprinkler system

Seating
Rows of seat back to back: 830mm
At least 300mm from back of one seat to front of
the next seat
Seat between aisles: 14 maximum
Seats between wall and aisle: 7
Seat without arms: allot 600mm/person

Restaurants and drinking establishments with an
occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be
classified as mercantile occupancies.
Occupancy of any room or space for assembly

purposes by less than fifty (50) persons in a
building of other occupancy and incidental to such
other occupancy shall be classified as part of the
other occupancy and subject to the provisions
applicable thereto.
Educational
Occupancy

Educational occupancies include all buildings or
portions thereof used for the gathering of group of
six (6) or more persons for purposes of
instruction.

Educational
Examples:
1.Schools;
2.Universities;
3.Colleges;
4.Academies;
5.Nursery schools;
6.Kindergartens; and
7.Child Day Care facilities.

Occupant load
Classroom: 1.80sqm/person Shops, laboratories:
4.60sqm/person
Dry nurseries with sleeping facilities:
3.30sqm/person
Rooms with greater than 50 occupants shall be
treated as a place of assembly

Number of exits
At least two exits from any room with
capacity of 50 or more persons, or area of
more than 93 sqm.

1.38 m minimum
Travel distance

Special provisions for
preschools
Rooms used for preschoolers, first grade and
second grade pupils shall not be located
below or above the floor of exit discharge
Meaning? It should be at the Ground
Floor.

Healthcare
Occupancy

Health care facilities are those used for purposes
of medical or other treatment or care of persons
where such occupants are mostly incapable of self
preservation because of age, physical or mental
disability, or because of security measures not
under the occupants control.

Healthcare
Examples:
1. Hospitals;
2. Nursing homes;
3. Birth centers; and
4. Residential custodial care
centers such as nurseries,
homes for the aged and the like.

Occupant load
Sleeping departments: 11.1sqm/person
In-patient treatment departments:

22.3sqm/person

Width of doors
1120mm: sleeping rooms, diagnostic and
treatment rooms (surgery. X-Ray, PT, etc.)
910mm: All other rooms

Detention and Correctional
Occupancy

Detention and correctional buildings are those
used to house one or more persons under varied
degrees of restraint or security where such
occupants are mostly incapable of self-
preservation because of security measures not
under the occupants control.

Detention and Corectional
Examples:
1. correctional institutions,
2. detention facilities,
3. community residential centers,
4. training schools,
5. work camps, and
6. substance abuse centers where occupants are
confined or housed under some degree of
restraint or security.

Occupant load
11.1 sqm/person

Residential
Occupancy

Residential occupancies are those occupancies
in which sleeping accommodations are provided
for normal residential purposes and include all
buildings designed to provide sleeping
accommodations.

Residential
Examples:
1. hotels;
2. motels;
3. apartelles;
4. pension houses;
5. inns;
6. apartments;
7. condominiums;
8. dormitories;
9. lodging or rooming houses;
10. and one- and two-family dwellings

Occupant load
18.60sqm/person
Except for single and two-family dwellings

Hotels
Minimum corridor width: 1120mm
Minimum umber of exits: 2 for every floor
Travel distance to exits:
From room door to exit: 30.00m
From guest suite to corridor door: 23.00m (w/o sprinklers)
From guest suite to corridor door: 38.00m (w/wo sprinklers)

Apartment buildings
For less than 50 persons: 910mm
Fore more than 50 persons: 1120mm
Travel distance to exits:
Within any unit to nearest exit: 15.50m, one storey away
max
From apartment entrance to exit: 31.00m, or 46.50m if
with sprinklers

Single and two-family
dwellings
In dwellings with more than 2 rooms, every
habitable room shall have at least 2 means of
escape, at least one which is a door/stairway
No habitable room shall be accessible only by a
ladder, folding stairs, or through a trap door
Every sleeping room = 1 window min.

Mercantile
Occupancy

Mercantile occupancies include stores,
markets, and other rooms, buildings, or
structures for the display and/or sale of
merchandise.

Mercantile
Examples:
1. malls;
2. supermarkets;
3. department stores;
4. shopping centers;
5. flea markets;
6. restaurants of less than 50 persons capacity;
7. public/private dry and wet markets;
8. water refilling stations;
9. drugstores;
10. hardwares/construction supplies;
11. showrooms; and
12. auction rooms.

Stores, markets, malls, supermarkets,
department stores, restaurants of less than 50
occupants
Class A: Gross area of 2,787sqm or more, 3 floors
Class B: Gross area of 287-2,787sqm, 2 floors
Class C: Gross area less than 287sqm, street floor only

Occupant load
Street floor or below street floor: 2.80sqm
Upper floors: 5.60sqm
Floors not open to public/offices: 9.30sqm
Covered malls: 2.8sqm/person

Maximum travel distance

Business
Occupancy

Business buildings are those used for the
transaction of business other than that covered
under Mercantile, for the keeping of accounts and
records and similar purposes.
Businesses other than mercantile
Businesses that typically involve services and not
the display and sale of merchandise
Examples: Doctor/lawyer/dentists office, internet
shops, barbershops, general offices

Business
Examples:
1. Offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other

professionals;
2. General offices;
3. City/Municipal halls;
4. Internet shops;
5. Massage parlors,
6. Beauty parlors,
7. Barbershops of less than 50 occupants; and
8. Court houses;

Industrial
Occupancy

Industrial occupancies include factories that
make products of all kinds and properties
which shall include but not limited to product
processing, assembling and disassembling,
mixing, packaging, finishing or decorating,
repairing and material recovery

Industrial
Examples:
1. factories of all kinds;

2. laboratories;
3. dry cleaning plants;
4. power plants;
5. pumping stations;
6. smokehouses;
7. gas plants;
8. refineries;
9. sawmills,
10. laundries; and
11. Creameries.
Occupant load: 9.30sqm/person
Minimum corridor width: 1120mm
Travel distance:
31.00m if no sprinklers
46.00m if with sprinklers

Storage
Occupancy

Storage occupancy includes all buildings or
structures utilized primarily for the storage or
sheltering of goods, merchandise, products,
vehicles, or animals.

Storage
Examples:
1. warehouses;
2. cold storages;
3. freight terminals;
4. truck and marine terminals;
5. bulk oil storage;
6. LPG storage;
7. parking garages;
8. hangars;
9. grain elevators;
10. barns; and
11. Stables.
Mixed
Occupancy

Refers to two or more classes of occupancies
occurring/ located/ situated/ existing in the
same building and/or structures so
intermingled that separate safeguards are
impracticable.

Miscellaneous
Occupancy

This class of occupancy includes buildings or
structure which cannot be properly classified in
any of the preceding occupancy groups.
Examples:
1.Towers
2.Windowless and Underground Buildings,
3. Piers and Water-Surrounded Structures and
4.Immobilized Vehicles and Vessels.

In case of conflict as to the type
or classification of occupancy,
the same shall be determined
by the Chief, BFP or his duly
authorized representative.

Any questions?

Going back to
MEANS OF EGRESS

Whats wrong with this plan?

Means of Egress
A continuous and unobstructed route of exit
from one point in a building to a public way.
(Rule 3, IRR, RA 9514)

Three main components
Exit Access
The Exit, and
Exit Discharge

Whats an Exit
That portion of a means of egress that is separated from all
other spaces of a building or structure by construction or
equipment as required to provide a protected way of
travel to the exit discharge.

Whats an Exit Access
That portion of a means of egress that leads to an
exit.

Whats an Exit Discharge
That portion of a means of egress between the
termination of an exit and a public way.

Permissible Exit Components
1. Doors
2. Stairs and Smokeproof Enclosures
3. Horizontal Exits
4. Ramps
5. Exit Passageways

1. Doors

1. Doors

1. Doors
3. Horizontal Exits

1. Doors
3. Horizontal Exits
4. Ramps

1. Doors
3. Horizontal Exits
4. Ramps
5. Exit Passageways

Protective Enclosures
three storeys or less one (1) hour
four or more storeys two (2) hours
any opening shall be protected by an approved
self-closing fire resistive door
no exit enclosure shall be used for other
purposes

Protective Enclosures

Capacity of Means of Egress
Level Components
Stairways
and Ramps
Area (width per person)
(width per person)
mm in mm in
Board and Care 10 0.4 5 0.2
Health Care, Sprinklered 7.6 0.3 5 0.2

Health Care, Non Sprinklered 15 0.6 13 0.5
High Hazards 18 0.7 10 0.4
All Others 7.6 0.3 5 0.4

The Rule is what ever gives
you the most strict figure is
to be applied

Lets try it
The door leading to Stairway No. 1 of Engineering
Building is 900 mm. The clear width of the
stairway is 1200 mm and the door to the level of
exit discharge is measured 1000 mm. What is the
capacity of the exit?

Solution:
Given: ED 900 mm CED = 180 per/min
Stair 1200 mm
DD 1000 mm b. Solve for the capacity of
Stair.
Reqd: Capacity ?
Cs = 1200 mm/7.6 mm
per/min
Solution:
a. Solve for the capacity of ED. Cs = 157 per/min
CED = W/CF = 900mm/5mm/per/min

Solution:
c. Solve for the capacity of discharge door
CDD = 1000 mm/5 mm/per/min
CDD = 200 per/min
Therefore the capacity of the means of egress is

_____________ ?
Capacity of a Corridor
(Section 10.2.5.2, C(2)) 2. The required capacity of a
corridor shall be the occupant
load that utilizes the corridor
for exit access divided by the
required number of exits to
which the corridor connects,
but the corridor capacity shall
not be less than the required
capacity of the exit to which
the corridor leads.

OCCUPANT LOAD
Capacity of means of egress Shall be determined by
for any floor, balcony, tier or dividing the floor area by
other occupied spaces shall the occupant load factor
sufficient for the occupant assigned to that use
load thereof
GFA
______
OL =
OLF

Occupant Load
OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR
(square meters per person)
TYPE OF OCCUPANCY
1. Assembly
a. concentrated use without fixed seats 0.65
b. less concentrated use 1.4
c. standing room or waiting space 0.28
2. Educational
a. net classroom area 1.9
b. net area of shops, laboratories and similar 4.6
vocational rooms
3. Health Care
a. sleeping departments 11.1
b. inpatient treatment departments 22.3

Occupant Load
OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR
TYPE OF OCCUPANCY (square meters per person)
4. Detention and Correctional 11.1
5. Residential 18.6
6. Mercantile
a. Street floor 2.8
b. Upper floors 5.6
7. Business 9.3
8. Industrial 9.3
9. Storage Maximum probable population

Occupant Load
Where the exits serve
more than one floor, only
the occupant load of each
floor considered
individually need be used
in computing the capacity
of the exits of that floor.

Occupant Load
When means of egress
of from the floor above
and below converge at an
intermediate floor, the
capacity of the means of
egress from the point of
convergence shall not be
less than the sum of the
two.

Occupant Load
Where any
required egress
capacity from a
balcony or mezzanine
passes through the
room below, the
required capacity
shall be added to the
required capacity of
the room below.

Measurement of means of egress
measured by clear width starting from the

narrowest point.
projections of not more than 114 mm at a
maximum height of 965 mm is permitted

Minimum WIDTH
The width of any
means of egress
shall not be less
than 915 mm,
except when
specifically
provided under
Division 8 to
Division 17 of this
Chapter.

Number of Means of Egress
Occupant Load
<500 = 2 exits
500 to 1000 = 3 exits
> 1000 = 4 exits

Number of means of egress
No doors other than
., the elevator
car door, ..shall
be allowed at the
point of access to an
elevator car.
Elevator lobbies
shall have access to
at least one exit.

Arrangement of Means of Egress
Exits shall be located and exit

access shall be arranged so that exits
are readily accessible at all times.


Remoteness shall be determined as follows:
A. No Sprinkler:
- one-half (1/2) of the length of the maximum
over-all diagonal dimension of the building
or area to be served, measured in a straight
line between the nearest edge of the exit
doors or exit access doors.

B. With Sprinkler
the minimum separation distance between
two exits or exit access doors shall not be
less than one-third (1/3) the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the
building or area to be served.



Where exit enclosures
are provided and are
interconnected by not less
than
1-hour fire resistance-
rated corridor, exit
separation shall be
measured along the line of
travel within the corridor.

Interlocking or
scissor stairs shall
be considered only
as a single exit for
new buildings.

DEAD-END LIMITS
Means of egress shall be so arranged
that there are no dead-end pockets,
hallways, corridors, passage ways or
courts whose depth exceeds the limits
specified in individual occupancies by
Divisions 8 through 17 of this Chapter.

Travel Distance
1. measured on the floor or other walking surface
along the center line of the natural path of travel;
2. starting from the most remote point subject to
occupancy;
3. curving around any corner or construction with a
30 cm clearance there from; and
4. curving around any corner or construction with a
thirty (30) centimeter clearance therefrom
* Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be taken in
the place of the tread nosing.

Where any part of an
exterior way of exit access is
within 3 m horizontal distance
of any unprotected building
opening, as permitted by
Section 10.2.5.5 for outside
stairs, the distance to the exit
shall include the length of
travel to ground level

Discharge from Exits
All exits shall terminate directly at a public
way or at an (exterior) exit discharge. Yards,
courts, open space or other portions of the exit
discharge shall be of required width and size to
provide all occupants with a safe access to a
public way.

Discharge from Exits
Where permitted, a maximum of 50% of the exits may
discharge through areas on the floor of discharge provided
all of the following requirements are met:
Exits shall discharge to a free and unobstructed way to the

exterior of the building and is readily visible and
identifiable from the point of discharge from the exit.
The entire area on the floor of discharge is separated from

areas below by construction having a minimum of two-hour
(2-hr) fire resistance rating.
Stairs and other exits
shall be so arranged
as to make clear the
direction of egress to
the street. Exit stairs
that continue beyond
the floor of discharge
shall be interrupted at
the floor of discharge
by partitions, doors, or
other effective means.

exits
DISCHARGE mayTO be accepted
ROOFS where discharging to
roofs or other sections of the building or
adjoining buildings, where the roof has a fire
resistance rating at least the equivalent of that
required for the exit enclosure, where there is a
continuous and safe means of egress from the
roof, and all other reasonable requirements for
the safety are maintained

Any questions?

Well, thats the last
Slide

Thanks for
Listening

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
25 Years of Committed Service
to the Filipino People

RA 9514 SSC Presentation Rule 10

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RA 9514

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

The Fire Code Simply sets MORE

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

Exits that continue beyond the floor of discharge:

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Maximum height between landings 3660 144

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>2000 persons 1420 56

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RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

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RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

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RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25

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Less concentrated use such as conference rooms, dining

Standing rooms/waiting space:0.28sqm/person

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Occupancy of any room or space for assembly

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In-patient treatment departments:

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910mm: All other rooms

RA 9514: Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 #bfp@25