04 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Virtual Router Redunda
ncy Protocol
VRRP
ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

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The Problem
R1
10.0.0.1/16
Default GW = 10.0.0.1/16
The Solution - VRRP
R1 VIP: R2
10.0.0.1/16
10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16
Default GW = 10.0.0.1/16
VRRP Introduction
End host systems on a LAN are often configured

to send packets to a statically configured default
router.
If this default router becomes unavailable, all the
hosts that use it as their first hop router become
isolated on the network.
VRRP groups several physical routers into a
VRRP virtual router, and assigns a virtual IP and a
MAC addresses to the virtual router, which are
then used as a default gateway by the end devices.

VRRP Overview
All routers in the VR group communicate to each

other using IP multicast.
Every VR group is identified by a VRID, which is
configured on all participants.
To minimize network traffic, only the Master for each
virtual router sends periodic VRRP Advertisement
messages.
If the Master become unavailable then the highest
priority Backup will transition to Master after a short
delay and will take over servicing the virtual IP and
MAC addresses.

VRRP Packet Format
4 bytes
4 bits 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
Version Type Virtual Router ID Priority Count IP Addrs
Auth Type Adver Int Checksum
IP Address (1)
IP Address (n)
Authentication Data (1)
Authentication Data (2)

IP Field Descriptions
Field Description
Source Address The primary IP address of the interface the packet
is being sent from.
Destination The IP multicast address as assigned by the IANA
Address for VRRP is 224.0.0.18
TTL The TTL must be set to 255.
Protocol The IP protoco is 112 (decimal).
Version The VRRP protocol version of this packet.
Type The type field specifies the type of this VRRP
packet. The only packet type defined in this
version of the protocol is: 1 ADVERTISEMENT
Virtual Router ID The Virtual Router Identifier (VRID) field identifies the
(VRID) virtual router this packet is reporting status for.

Field Description
Priority The priority field specifies the sending VRRP
router's priority for the virtual router. Higher
values equal higher priority.
Count IP Address The number of IP addresses contained in this
VRRP advertisement.
Authentication Type The authentication type field identifies the
authentication method being utilized: 0 = No
Authentication, 1 = Simple Text Password, 2 = IP
Authentication Header
No Authentication The use of this authentication type means that
VRRP protocol exchanges are not authenticated.
IP Authentication The use of this authentication type means the VRRP
Header protocol exchanges are authenticated using the
mechanisms defined by the IP Authentication Header.

Field Description
Advertisement The Advertisement interval indicates the time
Interval (Adver Int) interval (in seconds) between ADVERTISEMENTS.
Default = 1 sec.
Checksum The checksum field is used to detect data
corruption in the VRRP message.
IP Address(es) One or more IP addresses that are associated with
the virtual router.
Authentication Data The authentication string is currently only utilized
for simple text authentication. There is no default
value for this field.

ip-redundancy create
Format
ip-redundancy create vrrp <vrid> interface
<interface>
To create a virtual router with an identifier (V

RID) of 1 on interface test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy create vrrp 1 interface test1

ip-redundancy associate
Format
ip-redundancy associate vrrp <vrid>
interface <interface> address <ipaddr/mask>
To add IP address/mask 1.2.3.4/16 to the

list of IP addresses associated with
virtual router 1 on interface test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy associate vrrp 1 interface test1
address 1.2.3.4/16

ip-redundancy set
Format
ip-redundancy set vrrp <vrid> interface <interface>
priority <number>|adv-interval <number> |preempt-
mode (default)|disabled|auth-type none|text auth-key
<key>
To specify 200 as the priority used by virtual router 1 on
interface test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy set vrrp 1 interface test1 priority 200
To set the advertisement interval to 3 seconds

zte(config)# ip-redundancy set vrrp 1 interface test1 adv-interval 3

ip-redundancy start vrrp
Format
ip-redundancy start vrrp <vrid> interface
<interface>
To start virtual router 1 on interface test1

zte(config)# ip-redundancy start vrrp 1

Examples
To prevent a Backup router from taking over

as Master from a Master router that has a
lower priority
zte(config)# ip-redundancy set vrrp 1 interface test1 preempt-mode
disabled
To authenticate VRRP exchanges on virtual

router 1 on interface test1 with a password
of zte
zte(config)# ip-redundancy set vrrp 1 interface test1 auth-type
text auth-key zte

ip-redundancy show
Format
ip-redundancy show vrrp interface
<interface> [id <vrid>] [verbose]
To display all information about virtual routers

on interface test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy show vrrp interface test1
To display VRRP statistics for virtual router 100

on interface test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy show vrrp 100 interface test1 verbose

ip-redundancy trace
Format
ip-redundancy trace vrrp events|state-transit
ions|packet-errors|all enabled|disabled
To display a message whenever a VRRP packet
error is encountered
zte(config)# ip-redundancy trace vrrp packet-errors enabled

ip-redundancy clear vrrp-stats
Format
ip-redundancy clear vrrp-stats interface <int
erface> [id <vrid>]
To clear statistics for virtual router 1 on interf

ace test1
zte(config)# ip-redundancy clear vrrp-stats interface test1 id 1

Configuring VRRP
Basic VRRP configuration

Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16 Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.2/16
VRID=1; Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16 VRID=1; Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16
R1 VRID = 1 R2
Master 10.0.0.1/16 Backup
Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16

Configuration of Router R1

R1 VRID = 1 R2
1: interface create ip test address-netmask 10.0.0.1/16 port et.1.1

2: ip-redundancy create vrrp 1 interface test
3: ip-redundancy associate vrrp 1 interface test address 10.0.0.1/16
4: ip-redundancy start vrrp 1 interface test
Configuration for Router R2

R1 VRID = 1 R2

Symmetrical Configuration
Master for VRID= 1, Backup for VRID=2 Master for VRID= 2, Backup for VRID=1

R1 VRID = 1 VRID = 2 R2
Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup
Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16 Default Route = 10.0.0.2/16

Master for VRID=1 Backup for VRID=2 Master for VRID=2 Backup for VRID=1
Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup

Master for VRID=1 Backup for VRID=2 Master for VRID=2 Backup for VRID=1
Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup


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Virtual Router Redunda

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

End host systems on a LAN are often configured

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

All routers in the VR group communicate to each

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

4 bits 4 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

Version Type Virtual Router ID Priority Count IP Addrs

Auth Type Adver Int Checksum

Authentication Data (1)

Authentication Data (2)

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To create a virtual router with an identifier (V

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To add IP address/mask 1.2.3.4/16 to the

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To set the advertisement interval to 3 seconds

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To start virtual router 1 on interface test1

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To prevent a Backup router from taking over

To authenticate VRRP exchanges on virtual

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To display all information about virtual routers

To display VRRP statistics for virtual router 100

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

zte(config)# ip-redundancy trace vrrp packet-errors enabled

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

To clear statistics for virtual router 1 on interf

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

Basic VRRP configuration

Master 10.0.0.1/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16 Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.2/16

Master 10.0.0.1/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16

1: interface create ip test address-netmask 10.0.0.1/16 port et.1.1

Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16 Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.2/16

Master 10.0.0.1/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16

1: interface create ip test address-netmask 10.0.0.2/16 port et.1.1

Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.1/16 Interface Addr. = 10.0.0.2/16

Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16 Default Route = 10.0.0.2/16

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16 Default Route = 10.0.0.2/16

1: interface create ip test address-netmask 10.0.0.1/16 port et.1.1

Master 10.0.0.1/16 10.0.0.2/16 Backup

Default Route = 10.0.0.1/16 Default Route = 10.0.0.2/16

1: interface create ip test address-netmask 10.0.0.2/16 port et.1.1

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