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SELVAN ARIKRISHNAN 123456

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In the late 18th century the British East India Company
traded with, and partly controlled India.
At that time they began looking for a base in Malaysia.
In 1786 the British under Francis Light occupied
Penang and founded Georgetown.
In 1800 they took Province Wellesley.
In 1819 Sir Stamford Raffles founded a British trading
post at Singapore.
By the treaty of London, 1824, the British and Dutch
divided the region between them.
The Dutch surrendered Melaka to the British. The
Dutch were given control of Sumatra and all the area
below the Malay Peninsula.
 In 1895 the 'protected' states were persuaded to form a
federation.
Meanwhile in 1888 Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo became
British protectorates.
In the first years of the 20th century the British extended their
influence over the Northern Malay states (Kedah, Kelantan
and
Terengganu) were formally absorbed into British Malaysia. In
1914
Johor also came under British rule.
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Federated Malay
States
Unfederated Malay
States
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The British introduced the Resident System in Malaya

through the Pangkor Engagement, a treaty between the
British and local sultans under which the British appointed a
resident to assist each local sultan.
The first state to get a resident was Perak (1874), followed by
Selangor (1874), Negeri Sembilan (1874), and Pahang
(1888).
Each resident was to advise the sultan on all administrative
matters except those pertaining to Malayan religion and
custom, but in practice the resident ruled.
 Ô
 

 
Administered well in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan by Sir
Hugh Low and Martin Lister, respectively.
They did not attempt to interfere with Malayan custom. The
economy developed as railroads were built, making the
production of tin easier, and as state councils were set up to
discuss policy matters in order to gain the confidence of the
Malayan people through their chiefs.
Underdeveloped Pahang, too, benefited from the revenue
brought in by the system, although it did not receive a
resident until 1888.
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Weren't enough British officers to administer it.
Few of these officers could converse in the native language.
There was already a hierarchy in the states
Religious matters could be separated from politics, but
custom was strong.
Revenues collected were the personal income of the sultan
and his chiefs.
To implement a new taxation system was a violation of
custom.
Indeed, j. W. W birch, the first British resident (1874±1875),
was murdered as he tried to interfere with custom in perak.
His lack of respect and understanding of Malayan custom,
language, and religion caused his administration to fail.
 STRENGTH OF SYSTEM RESIDENT
Create Peaceful Environment
Ended the throne struggling between Malay enlarger
Ended the fight between Ghee Hin secret society and Hai San
Create peaceful situation through implementation of the law
Pirate activity reduced
Greater police force established, for example Kapten Speedy
have added policeman to 2,500 persons to return district of
Larut peace
Court erected at Negeri-negeri Malay with enforcing law which
practised Hukum Kanun Jenayah India.
 STRENGTH OF SYSTEM RESIDENT
Introduced executive council / Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri (MMN)

Council Malay established by William Jervois, changed to

Council State (1877)
Staffed by Sultan (Presiden MN), resident, Malay and representative
of enlarger and Chinese trader

The Role of MMN role:

- discuss result and state expenditure division question
- law duties and judicature
- as Court of Appeal and sentence dead
- Malay enlarger appointment matter and manage Islamic religious
affairs
 STRENGTH OF SYSTEM RESIDENT
Development of the transportation system
Taiping- Port Weld ' first railway line (1885) was constructed
Railway construction aim linking tin mining region with export
port
Road built to connect tin mining centre with new towns

Income revenue increase state

Economic growth increased the revenue of Malay State income
to more $2.2 million (1885). Export revenue increasing to $9.6
million (1885)

Elimination of slavery system comprehensively

Resident had annihilated slavery practice has been gradually

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The states that the British obtained from Siamese rule
:Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Terengganu
An advisor was placed in each of these states.

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 CONCLUSSION
The loose administration of British Malaya was finally consolidated
with the formation of the Malayan Union on 1 April 1946.
Singapore however was not included and was considered a crown
colony by itself.
The new Union was greeted with strong opposition from the local
Malays. The opposition revolved around two issues: loose
citizenship requirements and reduction in the Malay rulers' power.
Due to the pressure exerted, the Union was replaced with the
Federation of Malaya on 31 January 1948. The Federation achieved
independence on 31 August 1957.
All Malayan states later formed a larger federation called Malaysia
on 16 September 1963 together with Singapore, Sarawak and North
Borneo.
 
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