Super conductivity

General properties
Observations regarding
Applications
 Super conductor are the material having
almost zero resistivity and behave as
diamagnetic below the super conducting
transition temperature.
Super conductors are PERFECT conductors.
 Virtually zero electrical resistance.

Perfect diamagnetic property.

Critical field depends upon temperature of superconducting

material.

Heavy current effect destroys superconductivity properties.

At very high pressure Tc is directly proportional to pressure.

Tc is inversely proportional to square root of At.wt of the

isotope of single superconductor.
 LONDON THEORY -1935

GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY 1950

BARDEEN, COOPER, SCHRIEFFER THEORY - 1957

Principle:
The electron experience a special kind of attractive
interaction, over coming the coulombs force of repulsion between
them, as a result cooper pairs are formed.

At low temperature , these pairs move through lattice

without resistance and hence behave as superconductor.
Super conductor lattice
Due to attract of electron by positive
charge, ions in conductor is disturbed
Ions attracted by positive charges
Due to deformation
positive charge increased
Electrons get attracted due to
increased positive charges
Cooper pairs formed
 Can carry large quantities of energy without heat loss.

Able to generate strong magnetic fields.

Superconductors beneficial applications in medical

imaging techniques.

New superconductive films may result in

miniaturization .

Superconductors increased speed in computer chips.

 Superconducting materials conduct current
at only given temperature known as
transition temperature.

Superconductorsstill do not show up in most

everyday electronics.
Principle:
Persistent current in D.C voltage.

Construction:
A thin layer of insulators is placed between the
superconductors.
Both superconductors are connected to a battery .

Working :
LET US SEE THE WORKING OF JOSEPH
DEVICE IN THE SUCCEEDING SLIDES.
Josephson devices
Voltage V applied across
super conductor 1
Current increases due to
tunneling effect
 Super conducting generator

Super conducting transmission line cables

Superconducting magnetic energy storage system (smes)

 Converts mechanical to electrical energy.

Own magnetic field is produced.

Current and flux density determines the output.

Field windings produces higher magnetic field.

Superconductors have extremely high current

carrying capacity.
 Provides ZERO resistance.

Due to LOW VOLTAGE, high current transmission

occurs.

SMALL physical size.

Reduced CLEARANCE for terminal faculties.

Quick RECOVERY after fault.

Overload capability.
 Current carrying wire generates a magnetic
field.

Superconducting solenoids made by wrapping

a superconducting wire in the coil from are
functionally superior to conventional
solenoids.

Zero DC electrical resistance.

No resistive losses.
Thank you !