Jeffrey Cendejas, Emma Cohen, Keelia Parise

Background

Literature Review

Purpose/Problem Statements

Research Question

Methodology

Results

Discussion/Limitation

Implications

Directions For Future Research

Q&A
 Formal Leadership

Informal Leadership

Leadership

Occupational Therapy

Literature Q&A
Purpose/ Research Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Background Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 *Inclusion Criteria:
* 3 or fewer years of clinical experience as a registered occupational therapist (OTR/L)
* Licensed to practice in their home state as an OTR/L
* Fluent in English
* Internet Access Available
* Formal leaders
*Exclusion Criteria:
* Informal leaders
* More than three years of clinical experience as a registered occupational therapist
* Not fluent in English
* Lacking internet access.

Literature Q&A
Purpose/ Research Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Background Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 Theories of Leadership
30 years of OT literature comparing OT and leadership
20 years of OT literature calling for enhanced leadership in the
field.

Literature Q&A
Purpose/ Research Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Background Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
* Importance of leadership in the field of OT (Brollier, 1985; Dudek-Shriber, 1997; Snodgrass et. al, 2008)
* Brollier (1985) suggests OT managers need more managerial training
* Studies begin to investigate leadership characteristics held by OT leaders (Burke & DePoy, 1991; Dudek-
Schriber, 1997; Fleming-Castaldy & Patros 2012).
* Heard (2014) investigated way OT professionals became leaders
* Concludes that to improve leadership in the field, entry-level education must expose students to leadership
theory
* Copolilo et. al. (2009) developed post professional OTD program at VCU
* Many practitioners desired to enhance leadership abilities
* very few had taken time to reflect on their present abilities, leadership, or how to improve leadership skills
* Suggest using psychological profiles and leadership inventories + reflection + education on leadership theory
* Fleming-Castaldy & Patro (2012) suggest the Leadership Practices Inventory reflects values of OT

Literature Purpose/ Research Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For

Background Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 This study seeks to provide insight about the ways in which
awareness of personality and leadership approach for occupational
therapists in positions of formal leadership affect their decisions
and actions in leadership situations.

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 * The field of occupational therapy needs more influential leadership. When considering the world's
increasing desire for convenient, accessible, fast paced, evidence based, quality driven service;
now more than ever, strong leadership in the field of OT is essential to remain relevant and to
defend our livelihood. Thus, there is a clear need for development of leadership within the
profession. There are many published studies investigating leadership in business, politics, and
healthcare. Although, there is a wealth of literature to support the need for leadership in the
field and much is written proposing applications of leadership to practice, there is a lack of
research investigating leadership within the profession (Gilfoyle, 1989; Grady, 1990; Stoffel,
2013). Without a clear understanding of how occupational therapists develop skills and practice
as leaders; there is no way to establish a definitive method of education or develop tools to
facilitate personal growth in members wishing to enhance their leadership abilities.

* This research will add to the body of knowledge about leadership in occupational therapy, by
strengthening the capacity to influence and lead, the profession can achieve its centennial vision.

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 In what ways does self awareness of
personal leadership approach change how
occupational therapy leaders understand and
act in leadership situations?

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
*Pilot study
*Qualitative
*Convenience Sampling

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
*Confirmability: Theming and Coding Procedures
*Transferability: Previous studies indicate that use of psychological
profiles/ leadership inventories are useful for leadership development.
*Confidence: Limited because of sample size.
*Dependability: Larger study needed in the future to confirm.

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
*Convenience Sample Utilized
*Screening survey with consent form
*Individualized codes to LPI and Clifton StrengthsFinder
assessments distributed
*Follow up qualitative survey upon reflection
*Thematic Analysis coded and analyzed to identify themes
and relationships

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 Personal Themes Research Themes

Literature Purpose/ Research Methodology Discussion/Li Direction For

Background Results Implications Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 *Future research indicates that many leaders in OT desired to improve their
skills and enhance their capacity to lead.
*Study found major themes of improvement and goal driven
*Studies suggest that the use of leadership inventories allow OT leaders to gain
understanding of personal leadership styles and offer insights for reflection.
* Themes of Awarenss and Reflection
*Leadership challenge model has been referenced as an effective tool for
leadership development in OT
* Responses reflected 5 practices and was consistent with findings of
Fleming-Castaldy & Patros (2012)
* StrengthsFinder was the most heavily referenced tool

Literature Purpose/ Research Methodology Discussion/ Direction For

Background Results Implications Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question Limitations Future Research
* Limited Participants limited results * Results provided insight in the benefits of
* Survey method did not allow for follow up leadership inventories
questions * StrengthsFinder for use in future
* Limited time to reflect after taking development
leadership inventories * Allows for use of other tools to be
* Convenience sampling investigated in future research

Literature Purpose/ Research Methodology Discussion/ Direction For

Background Results Implications Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question Limitations Future Research
* Insights regarding personal leadership style can lead to greater understanding of leadership abilities
* Allow for reflection and development of personal meaning in regards to leadership
* Respondent even developed personal plan and goals for improvement
* We believe that all practitioners who wish to develop their personal leadership capacity can benefit from using a similar process

* Completion and reflection of leadership inventories can..

* Increase awareness
* Provide language to describe abilities
* Further research to strengthen understanding of themes and to confirm that all practitioners will use these insights in this way

* Researchers posit that all OT practitioners can increase their leadership capacities by utilizing leadership inventories to gain
personal awareness, such as the LPI and StrengthFinder.

* Further research must be done to explore other tools to identify the most useful tools for application to the field of OT.

* Researchers speculate that leadership education and the use of leadership inventories could be incorporated into entry level
academic programming to build leadership skills within entry level practitioners, and thus the field of OT.

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 *Larger sample size
*QL interview to allow for follow up questions
*Apply for presidential grant early
*Investigation with other leadership tools (DISC,
OCAI, True Colors test, MBTI)

Literature Purpose/ Research

Background Methodology Results Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Q&A
Review Problem Statements Question mitations Future Research
 Purpose/ Research Significance Literature Methodology Discussion/Li Implications Direction For
Background Results Q&A
Problem Statements Question Review mitations Future Research
 REFERENCES
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