IEEE 802.

11 Technologies

Amer Hassan, Architect

amerh@microsoft.com

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 2
The Vision Dream Network
Pervasive Collaborative Computing

Faster and More More Ease

More Secure Deployable At Home
Pervasive and
Manageable

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 3

 Video

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

 Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.15.4 Sensors RFID
(Zigbee Alliance) (AutoID Center)
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19

RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
IEEE 802.20 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
IEEE 802.16e GSMA, OMA

IEEE 802.16d MAN ETSI HiperMAN &

WiMAX HIPERACCESS

IEEE 802.11 LAN ETSI-BRAN

Wi-Fi Alliance HiperLAN2

IEEE 802.15.3 PAN ETSI

UWB, Bluetooth
HiperPAN
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
5
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Growing 802.11 Standards
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
11u
.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p 11ma
11n
11k
11j
11i
11h
11g
11f
11e
11d
11c
11b
11a
802.11

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 6

Wi-Fi Industry Status
Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.
Choice split between .11a or .11g
Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing
rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline
Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical
enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);
security deployment issues being addressed
Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical
to carriers & ISPs
Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong
proposals
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 7
What is the situation?
Have not Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new
infrastructure
Concerned 802.11 security is not
adequate
Concerned 802.11 standards
unstable (11a, 11b, 11g)
Concerned about managing another
network & provisioning users
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh
the risks
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
Have Deployed Wi-Fi
Justified ROI
Saves on infrastructure & real estate
Improves productivity in manufacture plants
Allows flexible employee work practices
Compensates for limits of current technology
Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2
Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Deployed what meets current needs
Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking
Deployments are tightly controlled
Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Looking forward to making strategic investments
VoIP & video streaming
New customer services & products
January 27, 2005 8
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios
Technology Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee

LAN for - - - - - -
Enterprise
LAN for - - - - - -
Home
Home - (audio - - -
multiple A/V streaming)
distribution
Backhauling Propriet - - - - -
and last mile ary soln

Wide Area - - - - -
Mobility

Cable/device - - - -
Replacement
Mesh Enterp/ Neighbor- Home - - - -
Networking Home/N hood Mesh Mesh
Sensor - - - - - -
Networking
Inventory - - - -
Control

Auto PC - -

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 9

 802.11 n and all that jazz

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

What do Home users want?
Range: reliable wireless networking throughout
the home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for
high quality audio and video

Throughput!
HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)
HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
Next generation Media Center will support 2
concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4
concurrent streaming
For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture,
and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is
easily consumed
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 11
 Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for
the first time in 2004
(in millions)
US Home Networking Purchases

12
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only) January 27, 2005
What do service providers need?
Highest possible consumer satisfaction
consumers will blame the Service Provider

QoS is primary requirement video and high

throughput (mobile) data sessions

Management capability to the devices

Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh

High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 13

What would make IT Pro excited?
High return on investment
High level of security
Ease of deployment
Manageability of clients and APs
Diagnosis
Highly available networking

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 14

General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance

Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics

Application Examples Type Rate Duration/

volume
Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for Constant 27 Mbps Hours
commercial & domestics use (low jitter)
Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and Constant 6 Mbps Hours
domestic use (low jitter)
Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant 2 Mbos < 1 hr
(low jitter)
Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr
Browsing, Email
Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant .2 MB/s 1 min 1 hr
with
intervals
Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer, Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB 10
media transfer GB

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 15

IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher
throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least
100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access
point (SAP)

Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and

the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed
with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high
throughput

Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity,

(peak and average power consumption), spectral
flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3
channel models)

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 16

Channel models
Environment Setting

Residential Intra-room, Room to room,

Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-
family dwelling
Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room,
classroom, bus, train
Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office
space
Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library,
Convention Center, factory,
hospital

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 17

Functional requirements of .11n
Requirement
HT rate supported in 20MHz
channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands
.11a backwards compatibility
.11g backwards compatibility
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
Description
at least one mode of operation
supports 100Mbps throughput at
the top of the MAC SAP in a 20
MHz channel
Protocol supports 5GHz bands
(including those supported by .
11a)
Some of the modes of operation
defined in the proposal should be
backwards compatible with .11a
in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of
operation defined in the proposal
should be backwards compatible
with .11g
January 27, 2005 18
Functional requirements of .11n (cont)

Requirement Description
.11e QoS support The proposal must permit
implementation of the 802.11e
options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of
the proposal should achieve a
spectral efficiency of at least 3
bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy A .11n AP can be configured to
STA from .11n AP reject or accept associations
from legacy STA because they
are legacy STA

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 19

 Link Level Throughput & Range
Infotainment
Throughput

80 Business

Services

25

20 150 Range
throughput required in typical hotspot settings

20
Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
.11 n proposals
32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
TGn Sync
WWISE
Motorola/Mitsubishi
Qualcom
Down select and merger (Jan 05)
TGn Sync
WWISE
Further down select (March 05)

Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 21

Roadmap
Activity started in Q4 02
Par/5 Criteria: March 03
Functional Requirements: Nov 03
Usage Models: May 04
Comparison Criteria: May 04
Proposals: Sept 04
convergence, plug fests, beta,
Ratification: Sept 06
Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 22

IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)

Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE

Members Agere, Atheros Broadcom, TI,
Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Airgo Networks,
Philips, Sony Conexant, Buffalo,
Toshiba, Qualcom, Ralink, ETRI, HNS,
Nortel, Samsung, Realtek, STM,
Marvel, Panasonic, TrellisWare, Winbond
Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Electronics
Infocom Research,
Sanyo

UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz

MAC basic technology accommodate both accommodate both

EDCA and HCCA EDCA and HCCA
Packet sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 23

Throughput enhancement
Features
Bandwidth
MIMO-OFDM-SDM
Higher code rate (R)
Regular coding scheme
TGn Sync WWISE
(M) 20MHz mode (M) 20 MHz mode
(M) 40MHz, whenever (O) 40 MHz mode
regulatory domain permits this
extension
(M) 2 spatial streams (M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode @ 20MHz mode
(M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8 (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6
(M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code

Advanced Coding (O) LDPC (O) LDPC

scheme

Space Time Block Code (N) (O)

(M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 24

 Both proposals do some form of aggregation
Legacy Burst
PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3

Payload
Payload

Payload

Header
Preamble

Preamble
Header

Preamble

MPDU
MPDU
Header
MPDU
MPDU

MPDU
MPDU
header

header
header

FCS
FCS

FCS
PLCP

PLCP
PLCP
Perform SIFS SIFS
aggregation
Preamble
+ PLCP
Header

A-PSDU

Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved

Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
25
Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
 Aggregation

TGn Sync WWiSE

New control frames Y N

New data frame Y N
New mgt frame Y Y
M(P)SDU Y Y
Aggregation
A-MSDU aggregation N Y

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 26

Wish list!
Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
Use of DFS, TPC, LBT,
Turbo coding
Low gate count (200K), but IPR
High gate count (800K), but no IPR
Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
Provides great performance
Flexible architecture for closed loop
Keep it simple!

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 27

Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary
Technology CY04-CY06 Challenges
Investments
WPAN: Few BT PAN products
802.15 (UWB), BT PAN module No IP over UWB spec
Bluetooth UWB Strategic exploration WW regulations for UWB

WLAN: Security Fragmented user

802.11 WPS experience
Extensibility Poor penetration in
Diagnostics enterprise
Group Policy
Multiple auth protocols
Several .11n proposals
WiMAX: Strategic exploration 802.16e roadmap
802.16 Extensibility

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 28

Call to action drive best user experience!

Usability: demand interoperability, and

improved UIs for wireless technologies

Security: demand Standards based security

with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2

Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with

minimum interference

amerh@microsoft.com

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 29

 Backup slides:
Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
Certify the interoperability of products
and services based on IEEE 802.11
technology

Grow the global market for Wi-Fi

CERTIFIED products and services across
all market segments, platforms, and
applications

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 31

 New Certificate & Logo

Logo on product
Certificate inside packaging (optional) packaging (mandatory)
Helps retailers and
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
consumers January 27, 2005 32
 Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
IEEEStandardReleases
802.11j 802.11e 802.11k

2004 2005 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2006

Baseline 802.11h+d

Security ExtendedEAP
SimpleConfig

QoS WMM WMMPowerSave

ScheduledAccess

Applications
CE PublicAccess WCC CE Voice/WiFi
Phase1 Phase2
CertificationProgramReleases 33
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by
Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 34
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by
Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 35
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.

*ChartisestimatebasedondatainIDCBrief

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 36

2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer
Devices by Application (n = $611 M)

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005 37