MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF

SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY

Assignment #: 02
Submitted to: Miss Tehmina Sheryar
Submitted By: Abaid ullah
Class: BSSE-2nd (Evening)
Subject: Intro. To Computing

1
 “CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION”
(CCTV)

CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal

to a specific place, on limited set of monitors.
It differs from broadcast television in that signal is not openly transmitted, though it
may employ point to point wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveilance4 in
areas that may need monitoring such as banks, airports, military installations. In
industrial plants, CCTV equipment may be used to observes parts of a process from a
central control room; when, for example, the environment is not suitable for humans.
CCTV systems may operate continuously or only as required to monitor a particular
event.

2
 HISTORY:
The first CCTV system was installed by Siemens AG in Germany in 1942, for
observing the launch of V-2 rockets. The noted German Engineer Walter Bruch
was responsible for the design and installation of the system.
CCTV recording systems are still often used at modern launch sites to record the flight
of the rockets, in order to find the possible causes of malfunctions. In September
1968, Olean, New York was the first city in the United States to install video
cameras along its main business street in an effort to fight crime. The use of CCTV
later on became very common in banks and stores to discourage theft, by recording
evidence of criminal activity. In recent decades, especially with general crime fears
growing in 1990s and 2000s, public space use of surveillance cameras has taken off,
especially in some countries such as United Kingdom.
In Latin America, the CCTV market is growing rapidly with the increase of property
crime.

3
 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES:

Industrial processes that take place under conditions dangerous for humans are
today often supervised by CCTV. These are mainly processes in the
chemical industry, the interior of reactors or facilities for manufacture of
nuclear fuel. Use of thermo graphic cameras allow operators to measures
the temperatures of the processes. The usage of CCTV in such processes is
sometimes required by law.

4
 TRAFFIC MONITORING:
Many cities and motorway networks have
extensive traffic-monitoring systems,
using closed-circuit television to
detect congestion and notice accidents.
Many of these cameras however, are
owned by private companies and
transmit to drivers’ GPS systems.
The UK Highways Agency has a publicly
owned CCTV network of over 1200
cameras covering the English
motorway and trunk road network.
These cameras are primarily used to
monitor traffic conditions and are not
used as speed cameras.

5
 TRANSPORT SAFETY:
A CCTV system may be installed where an
operator of a machine cannot directly
observes people who may be injured by
unexpected machine operation. For
example, on a subway train, CCTV
cameras may allow the operator to
confirm that people are clears of doors
before closing them and starting the
train.
Operators of an amusement park ride may
use a CCTV system to observes that
people are not endangered by starting
the ride. ACCTV camera and dashboard
monitor can make reversing a vehicle
safer, if it allows the driver to observes
objects or people not otherwise visible.

6
 CRIMINAL USE:
Criminals may use surveillance cameras , for example a hidden
camera at an ATM to capture people’s Pins without their
knowledge. The devices are small enough not to be noticed,
and are placed where they can monitor the keyboard of the
machine as people enter their Pins. Images may be transmitted
wirelessly to the criminals.

7
 PRIVACY:

Opponents of CCTV pot out the loss of privacy of people under surveillance,
and the negative impact of surveillance on civil liberties. Furthermore, they
argue that CCTV displaces crime, rather than reducing it.
More positive views of CCTV cameras have argued that the cameras are not
intruding into people’s privacy, as they are not shriveling private, but
public space, where an individual’s right to privacy can reasonable be
weighed against the public’s need for protection from presumptively
innocent people.
The recent growth of CCTV in housing areas also raises serious issues about
the extent which CCTV is being used as a social control measure rather
than simply a deterrent to crime.

8
 DEVELOPMENT IN CCTV:

A development in the world of CCTV (October 2005) is in the

use of mega pixel digital still camera that can take 1600 x
1200 pixel resolution images of the camera scene either on a
time lapse or motion detection basis. Images taken with a
digital still camera have higher resolution than those taken
with a typical video camera.
Images of the camera scene are transferred automatically to a
computer every few seconds. Images may be monitored
remotely if the computer is connected to a network.

9
 IP CAMERAS:
A growing branch in CCTV is internet protocol
cameras (IP cameras), which allow
homeowners and business to view their
camera(s) through ay interne connection
available through a computer or 3G phone.
Internet protocol is a protocol used for
communicating data across a packet-switched
network using the internet protocol suite, also
referred to as TCP/IP.

10
 ITEGRATED SYSTEM:
One of the recent developments in the design of CCTV system Integrated
Systems. These Systems consists of a Digital Video Record (DVR), a
display monitor, and a built in Network card. Integrated system look
exactly like a LCD monitor. They can be used as simply a monitor,
although their compact size makes them attractive for CCTV users. DVRs
used in Integrated Systems have the capacity to record up to 14 days of
footage.
Integrated Systems have USB outlets so that recordings can be moved out
onto a USB key or external hard drive and then later transferred on ti a
DVD if needed.
Popularity of Integrated Systems is increasing among small business owners
and small offices.

11