Presented for the KAFILIG

October 23, 2012

By: Adela Damaso Comila
 SEASON LONG TRAINING OF COFFEE PRODUCTION

Overview of the Coffee Industry

Ang Kape sa Mundo, at ang Mundo ng Kape
Nursery Establishment & Management
Sa Nursery, Hawak Natin ang Buhay ng Plantasyon
Plantation Establishment
Sa Unang Hakbang Nakasalalay ang Kinabukasan ng Kapehan
Plantation Care & Management
- Ating Palaguhin ang Biyayang Nilikha
Harvesting & Post Harvest Processing
Ating Payamanin , Butil na Mahiwaga
Rejuvenation, Rehabilitation/ Regeneration
- Ang Kapeng matanda nay pwede pa kapag hinubog ng alaga
Farm Plan & Budgets, Cost & Returns Analysis
 WHY
C O F F E E ?
Arabica
EXCELSA
ROBUSTA
 WHY
ARABICA
 The ARABICA COFFEE

ARABICA COFFEE
a self fertile woody perennial e v e r g r e e n

d i c o t y l e d o n t h a t b e l o n g s t o t h e Rubiaceae family

Coffea Arabica species discovered in Ethiopia 9th B.C.

thru the goats who have eaten the cherries and wildly
dancing
 The ARABICA COFFEE

Considered the best coffee in the world & accounts for 75-80

percent of the worlds production,

Arabica excels for its aromatic flavor and low caffeine content of

0.8 - 1.5% compared to Robusta, Excelsa and Liberica coffee

with an inferior tasting beverage with higher caffeine content.
 ARABICA COFFEE

Coffee was introduced in the Philippines in

1740 planted in Pinaglabanan, Lipa, Batangas
Rank 4th coffee exporter in 1800s in the
world
Currently Philippines is a net importer of
Arabica and Robusta coffee
Imports reached 71,000 mt in Quarter 1 of
2011 (green beans and finished product)
 Coffee Production

Home grown-
33.85%

Import- 66.15%

Coffee Bean Production 2010

 Contributions of Arabica Plantation

Climate change mitigation strategy / stratehiya sa pagbabago ng

panahon

Reforestation EO 26 National Greening Program / pagtatanim

panunumbalik ng kaluntian sa kabundukan

Highly in demand product, 2nd commodity traded in the world

next to oil / pinaka mabiling kalakal sa mundo sumunod sa
langis

Help Create jobs and livelihood / paglikha ng trabaho at

kabuhayan

Help Eradicate poverty / pawiin ang kahirapan

 Value chain product / dagdag kita sa produkto

Maximize land use / lubos ng paggamit ng lupa

Longer and stable shelf life / matagal na pag-iimbak

ng kape

Reduce Importation/ Mabawasan ang inaangkat na

kapeng arabika ng bansa

Healthy food with medicinal benefits / tiyak na

malusog na pagkain

TO COFFEE?

OR

NOT TO COFFEE?
Selection of Planting Materials
Suitability to plantation
site

Arabica 900 MASL &

above best at 1000 & above
Typica, San Ramon,
Catura, Catimor , Bourbon
- Robusta 200-900 MASL
- Liberica 200-700 MASL
- Excelsa 200- 900 MASL
Planting materials selection . . .

Yielding capacity high

yielding variety
Resistance to pest and
diseases
Tree & canopy
Type of propagation- seed,
rooted cuttings, clones
Cup taste quality body &
aroma
Resources ( plantation site)
 Coffee tree Coffee flowers

Unripe Coffee Ripe Coffee berries/

berries/ cherries/ cherries
Parchment bean Green bean

Roasted Roasted Ground

Arabica variety
Arabica Coffee Strains

MOCHA

RED BOURBON
Yellow Catura
TYPICA
 SAN

SAN RAMON
 BOURBON RED

YELLOW CATURRA
GRANICA (BROAD LEAF

GRANICA (FINE LEAF)

 MUNDO NUVO

MSAC SELECTION
NO. 1
TYPICA
CATIMOR

CATIMOR
Catimor
Catimor
 Climatic & Cultural Management
Requirement
Soil Requirement
Rich
Porous, Moist, loose, well drained
Preferably loam soils
High organic content
Soil pH 5.0 7.0
 CLIMATE

Cooler tropical climate

Cool dry conducive to berry maturing
and flower bud formation for the next
crop
High Temperature before and during
flowering result to abnormal flowering,
poor fruiting
Cold, mild rain conducive to annual
flowering
Cloudless, dry, high temperature not
favourable and requires special crop
 Sunshine
Full sun favours rapid ripening, higher
yields
However, requires increased
fertilizers /pesticides

Shade
Shade grown have less berries, slow
ripening, less die back, superior coffee
 SHADE - necessary when too warm
Excessive shade competes with coffee for nutrients, water,
may host pests & diseases
Restricts light- reduces number of flowers per node
prevents die back due to over bearing

WIND coffee not ideal at areas exposed to wind

without established windbreaks

Wind bends coffee causing more vertical stems than laterals,

hence reduces yields
Hedgerows of taller trees can break wind velocity

Windbreaks planted before coffee, but can be

simultaneous for fast growing trees
 RAINFALL when rainfall coincides with warm
temperature, it is optimum for fruit development
Rainfall distribution pattern relates to coffee plant
growth- vegetative, flowering, cherry maturing,
ripening, harvesting
Excessive moisture stimulates vegetative growth at
the expense of fruiting
Uniform rainfall promote flowering and fruiting
throughout. However, it proliferates pest and
diseases
IDEAL - short dry period during coldest
synchronizes the cropping cycle, inducing flower
bud, growth, and satisfy dormant period required
for flowering
 Evaluating Areas for Potential
Production
Key questions:
Will coffee yield a sufficiently large crop to
justify the financial outlay for planting?
Can good quality coffee be produced in
the area?
Is any coffee being grown in the area, and
will the grower share experiences?
What competitive crops with can be raised
considering that coffee is seasonal crop?
 Check List

A. Annual average temperature between

59 and 73F.
B. Good soil drainage, plus meets A.
C. Land slope <28%, plus meets B.
D. Soil pH of 4.5-7.0, plus meets C.
E. Annual rainfall >59 inches, plus meets
D.
G. THE FARMER AND FARM
MANAGEMENT
NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT
AND
MANAGEMENT
Sa Nursery, hawak natin
ang buhay ng
 Requisites in Nursery Site Selection

Area 180 SQM nursery/ hectare plantation

Near the plantation site/ road for transport
Medium 1/3 garden soil; 1/3 sand; 1/3
compost
Availability of water for irrigation
Open space, not under trees for shade
regulation
Secured from astray animals/ obstruction
 Seed Bed Preparation

Clearing & land preparation

Width - 1-1.5 meters ( arms reach for weeding,
pricking, fertilizing, mulching)
length 10 meters (1 m = 2 kgs seeds)
thickness 1 foot ( drainage and root development)
Bamboo, wood, hollow blocks for sidings of seed
bed
Soil medium
1:1:1 soil, sand compost or
-50% compost, 50% sand
Good drainage, root development, plant nutrition &
anchorage
 Seed Sowing

Soak seeds for 24 hrs before sowing

Water seedbeds prior to sowing
Prepare furrows half inch deep, 1 inch spacing
Sow the seeds flat side down 2 cm apart root
devt quality & germination
Cover thinly with soil
Place mulching
Radicals emerge at 3-4 wks from sowing
Shoots appear at 30-50 days from sowing ( atch
stick stage or butterfly stage
10 meters
 Nursery Care & Maintenance
Weeding remove weeds young to avoid
root devt disruption, nutrient
competition, & host of pests & diseases
Fertilizing through drenching @ 1 tbs
urea/ liter water every 2 mos, broadcast
on the 6-8 months. Spray foliar fertilizer
or microelements
Irrigation as required, not saturated to
prevent root rot and dumping off
 Nursery Care & Mgt
Shade regulation
1-2 mos 25% sunlight 75% shade
3-4 mos 50% sunlight 50% shade
5-6 mos 75% sunlight 25% shade
708 mos hardening to 100% sunlight
Pest and disease management
common pests are snails and aphids

Common diseases root rot, dumping off, coffee

rust, black leaf spots
prevented through proper sanitation, drainage,
Real pest - People (PESTE)
Weeding
Shade regulation problem under permanent
trees
Weeds compete with nutrients
68 poly bags for 6-10 mos seedlings
Open Field Nursery
Black Net shade
Nursery in Improvised Greenhouse
 PLANTATION
ESTABLISHMENT
Plantation establishment . . .
Lay outing and staking

Planting distance between hills and rows

EAST WEST ORIENTATION
2 Meters X 2 meters 2500 hills/Ha
2 Meters X 3 meters 1666 hills/Ha
3 Meters X 3 Meters 1111 hills/ Ha
3 meters x 4 meters 833 hills/Ha
Plantation establishment..
Holing
1footx1footheight/width
50cm recommendedfor6-1yroldseedlings
undernormalsoils
Basal Fertilization
Dependingonsoilfertility
Generalrecommendation1kgorganic
matter/hill
Transplanting
Withsoilmedium
Bareroots
Plantation Establishment . . . .
Howtotransplant:

Watertheseedlingsadaybeforetransplanting
Removepolybags
Cutcoiledroots
Transplantatdugholesalreadywithbasal
fertilizer
Coverfirstwiththetopsoil
Coverwithsubsoil
Compact
 Energy plus 6Co2 6H2O __C6H2O6 plus 6O2

Energy plus carbon dioxide plus water will

produce glucose / sugar plus oxygen

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy

at Grana

Carbon fixation release of Co2, releases

Hydrogen and formation of phosphates &
starch
Content Alumit Alnus+co Cow Grass + Banana+n
w manure manure cow apier+sun
manure flower

N% 2.44 1.37 2.26 2.25 3.24

P2O5 0.22 0.47 1.1 0.67 1.17

K2O 0.56 1.17 1.19 1.06 3.86

CaO 3.97 2.06 2.62 2.43 4.47

MgO 1.53 1.25 0.62 0.88 1.88

Water Sprouts
Water Sprouts
COFFEE BERRY BORRER

98
 Coffee Leaffolder is destructive at its larval stage when
it feedsonleavesandsometimesattackflowersandfruits.
The adult is a small moth with light brown forewingsand
laysitseggsinclusterson the leaves.

Incontrollingthisinsectpest,sprayingofappropriatebio-
pesticides may have to be resorted to control the adults
beforetheycanlayeggs.

101
Plant Diseases Folder
Heavens Scent
Berry Maturity
Berry Ripening
HARVESTING
&
POST HARVEST

MANAGEMENT
 Harvesting & Post Harvest
Management
1. Harvesting manual harvesting
- selective picking of yellow-red-ripe
- black-violet -over ripe- Acid taste
2. Process Coffee cherries within 24 hours to avoid
fermentation
Methods of Processing :
Wet Method Arabica
Dry Method - Robusta, Excelsa & Liberica
a. Float to the coffee to have quality beans
- separate sinkers and floaters. Floaters are with
inferior beans, insect damaged, Sinkers are with good
beans.
 b.Depulp the cherries Mechanical, manual
c.Ferment the fresh parchments 48-72 hrs
d.Wash thoroughly until mucilage are removed
e. Dry to 12 to 14% moisture content
Air dry if for seeds
Note: process the floaters separately, there are still good output from the
floaters. Process the coffee pulp for fertilizers.

3. Sorting
Quality can be maintained at farm level possible
Sort broken beans, discolored, black bans, insect eaten, moldy beans,
foreign matters, ad mixtures

4. Storing
Store in Jute sacks to maintain aeration
Store as parchment coffee
Store in cool dry place

5. Hulling manual Pounding/ mechanical

hull ay 12-14% moisture to avoid breakage
Harvesting by
Hand Picking
Mechanical
Harvesters
ARABICA COFFEE POST HARVEST PROCESSING -WET METHOD
 GREEN BEANS
PARCHMENT COFFEE

GROUND BEANS ROASTED BEANS

INSPIRING PLANTATION FARMS

OUR FARMS CAN BE LIKE OR

BETTER THAN THEIRS
India
Brazil
Costa Rica
Columbia
China
SARILING ATIN SA PHILIPINAS
Establish windbreaks
Coffee Plantations
 In Behalf
of
DAR &
CORDI
KAPE

THANK YOU