FLOWER MORPHOLOGY

Flowers : The organs of a plant that go

through sexual reproduction process.
Their final product is seed an fruit.
Gynoecium : female reproductive
organs. Stigma, style, ovary, ovule
Androecium : male reproductive
organs. Filament, anther, pollen
 ACCESSORY ORGANS

Perianth :
/ Pistil
Petal and calyx
Singular : Petal
Plural : Corolla

Singular : Sepal
Plural : Calyx
Tepal :
Petal fused
with sepal
Pedicel/Peduncle
 Supporting structure
1. Peduncle : stalk. Support flower
2. Receptacle : End/top end swollen and act
as base for flower
3. Pedicels : smaller branches of peduncle
Pedicels

Peduncle
Allium sp. Family : Liliaceae
 Pedicel

Peduncle

Dendrobium sp.
 Accessory organs
1. Petal variation
Shape (follow leaf)

Rosa sp. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Helianthus annus
2. Colour variation
Monochrome

Black Tulipa sp.

Blue Campanula rotundifolia
Lavendar Lavandula sp.
Red Rosa sp. Pink Rhododendron sp.
Yellow Daffodil sp.
White Magnolia sp.
Green Ylang ylang Cananga odorata
Multicolour
Pansy Viola sp.
MODIFIED PETALS

Family :
Leguminoceae

Standard/Banner

Wings

Keel
 STAMEN
BANNER

WING
KEEL
Paddy : Oryza sativa, Family : Poaceae
Borneo orchid, Phalaenopsis violacea
Family :Orchidaceae

Sepal

Petal

Sepal
Lip/labellum
 Sepal
Petal Petal

Ginadrium

Peduncle
Sepal Sepal
Lip
Paphiopedilum sp.
Rafflesia sp.Parasitic, largest flower. No leaf,
no stem, no root.
Corpse flower : Amorphophallus titanum
 Spadix : Spike shape
inflorescence

Spathe : A large bract

enclosing flower
Largest unbranched flower
Underground corm
Leaf appears after flower died
 Floral symmetry

Zygomorphic Bilateral symmetrical, line in a middle, structure along

one another (left and right) are mirror like. Mirror of top and bottom not alike
Arachnis pintoi
Leguminoceae
Actinomorphic radially symmetrical, any drawn line will produce mirror
image
Petunia sp.
 Petal or sepal division
1. Polysepalous or polypetalous
Sepals or petals free, not united

2. Gamosepalous or gamopetalous
Sepals or petals united

3. Descriptions : Symmetry type + division

type
 Forms of corollas
1. Actinomorphic and polypetalous
2. Actinomorphic and gamopetalous
3. Zygomorphic and polypetalous
4. Zygomorphic and gamopetalous
 Tepal
Petal and sepal fused. Undistinguish

TEPAL

CORONA (FILAMENT)

Passion flower Passiflora sp. Family : Passifloraceae

 BRACTS
Bracts modified leaf on flower stalk

LEAF

Foliaceous foliar = leaf. Green flat, Epicalyx leaf on base of calyx

Leaf-like appearance
Spathe Large boat shaped bract enclosing a cluster of flowers or
Inflorescences (spadix)
Anthurium sp. Family : Araceae
Spathe

Banana Bird of paradise

 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
1. Female / Gynoecium

Receptacle/thalamus Carpel / pistil

 Stigma : Structures that receive pollen
Style : Structure that support stigma. Long or
short
Ovary : Structures protects the ovule and
once fertilisation has taken place it will
become the fruit
Ovule : Like the egg in animals and once
fertilisation has taken place will become the
seed.
Stigma variation

Simple
 Multiple stigma /lobed

Cactaceae Garcinia mangostana

 OVARY

STIGMA

Passiflora sp.
Androecium male reproductive organs

B
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLOWERS
1. Complete flowers are made up of calyx,
corolla, stamens, and a pistil or pistils (the
four "regular parts").

2. Incomplete flowers lack one or more of the

four regular parts of a complete flower as in
all of the Fagaceae (oak family), Betulaceae
(birch family) and Juglandaceae (walnut
family).
3.Perfect flowers have both stamens
and pistils, but not necessarily sepals
or petals.

4. Imperfect flowers lack either

stamens or pistils, and may or may
not have sepals or petals
5. Naked flowers are without petals
(apetalous) or sepals (asepalous) as in
Zantedeschia sp. (calla lily).

6. Apetalous flowers lack petals as in

Elaeagnus pungens (silverthorn) Hydrangea
sp.

Spathe Cally lily Sepals of Hydrangea sp.

7. Staminate (male) flowers have a
stamen or stamens, but no functional
pistils.

8.Pistillate (female) flowers have a

pistil or pistils, but no functional
stamens.