FUNCTIONS

RELATION

Rule that relates values from a set of values

(domain) to a second set of values (range)
Set of ordered pairs (x,y)
RELATION SET OF ORDERED PAIRS

Example:

f = {(1,1), (2,1), (3, 1)}

RELATION MAPPING DIAGRAM

ONE-TO-ONE
Example:
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 17
5 33
RELATION MAPPING DIAGRAM

MANY-TO-ONE
Example:
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 17
5 33
RELATION MAPPING DIAGRAM

ONE-TO-MANY
Example:
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 17
5 33
RELATION GRAPH

CARTESIAN PLANE
Example: (x and y axis)
RELATION USING SET BUILDER NOTATION

Example:
y = 2x + 1

{x : x }
FUNCTION

A relation where each element in the

domain is related to only one value in the
range by some rule
f(x) = y
(1,2) f(2) = 1
Turn to page 1, Example 1
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
f = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)}
g = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7)}
h = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), , (n,3n)}

Turn to page 2, Example 2

FUNCTION

Which is a function?
f = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)}
g = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7)}
h = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), , (n,3n)}

Relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the
Turn to page 2, Example 2
same x-value but different y-values
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
f
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 17
5 33

x y
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
g
5
0
6
7
8
1
9

x y
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
h
11
7 13
2 17
1 19
23

x y
FUNCTION

Which is a function?

Relations f and g are functions because each value y is unique for a

Turn to page 3, Example 3
specific value of x [MANY to ONE is not allowed]
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
a
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
b
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
c
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
d
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
e
FUNCTION

Which is a function?

Graphs a, b, c are graphs of functions while d and e are not because

Turn to page 2, Example 2
they do not pass the vertical line test
FUNCTION

Which is a function?
a. y = 2x + 1 {x : x }

b. y = x2 2x + 2 {x : x }

c. x2 + y 2 = 1 {x : x , -1 1}

d. y= +1 {x : x , 1}

2+1 {x : x , 1}
e. y=
1 {x : x }
f. y = [x] + 1 where x is the greatest integer function
All are functions except c because we can fund an x-value that
Turn to page 4, Example 5
corresponds to more than one y-value {(0,1),(0,-1)}
FUNCTION

Functions can be used to model real life

situations.
Linear function f(x) = ax + b; a
Quadratic function f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c; a

Polynomial Function f(x) = anx2 + an-1xn-1 + a1x + a0; a

of degree
FUNCTION
Give a function C that can represent the cost
of buying x meals, if one meal costs 40.

C(x) = 40x
FUNCTION
One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose
a rectangular area next to a river. Give a function A
that can represent the area that can be enclosed, in
terms of x.
A = xy
A = xy
RIVER

x + 2y = 100m
A(x) = x(50-0.5x)
y y = (100 x)/2
A(x) = 50x -0.5x2
y = 50 0.5x
x
PIECEWISE FUNCTION

Situations that can be described by

more than one formula
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 100 free text messages.
Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using
the function t(m), where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.
t(m) = { 300
300
,if 0 < m
,if m >