 M.

Asad Ali Mirza

 March 2010

 Institute Of
Management and
Sciences,
 Lahore Pakistan
 Contents
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Energy Resources of Pakistan.
 Ten year of Energy Consumption.
 Causes of Energy Crisis.
 Recommendations
 Conclusion
 Introduction
 Energy has become an important
requirement for the economic development
of a country.
 It plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic
development of any country.
 Uses:
 industrial and agricultural purposes
 domestic use of the citizens
 Objectives
 Why Pakistan is facing such a huge energy
crisis of its history?
 What are the reasons behind this crisis?
 Why Pakistan cannot able to utilize its
natural resources?
 If Pakistan has abundance of coal then why
Pakistan importing coal?
 Why half of the Pakistani population has no
access to electricity?
 Energy Resources of Pakistan
Energy Type Potential Source
Crude Oil 339 million barrels recoverable Pak Eco Survey 2008-09
reserves
Natural Gas 31,266 trillion cubic feet recoverable Pak Eco Survey 2008-09
reserves.
Coal 185 billion tones recoverable Pak Eco Survey 2008-09
reserves.
Hydro Energy 46,000 MW identified potential. Govt. of Pakistan 2008

Nuclear Power Nuclear power of capacity 425 MWe World Nuclear

Association2008
 Pakistan Renewable Energy
Resources

1. Wind Energy.
2. Solar Energy.
3. Bio-mass and Bio-Fuels.
4. Geo-Thermal Energy.
Ten Years of Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption by Energy Consumption by
source 2008-09 source 1998-99
Ten Years of Energy Consumption
 In 2009 Pakistan consumed up to 60.388
MTOE of energy in which 19.835 MTOE was
imported in form of Oil and Coal .

 Relying heavily over imported oil and coal

and shortage of natural gas in future will
certainly chock the economic growth for
many years.
 Causes of Energy Crisis
 1. Economic and Political instability.
 Effects our GDP & Energy growth…
 2. Fluctuation of oil prices in international market.
 WAPDA & KESC purchase expensive oil and transfer
cost to customers…
 3. Faulty Distribution System.
 We waste 15 to 20 percent energy
through poor distribution system…
 4. Aging of equipment.
 Unable to generate required electricity…
 5. Unproductive efforts.
 Seminars & conferences but no implementation…
 6. Silting Process.
 It is a naturally caused process which
reduces the storage capacity of reservoirs...
 7. Mismanagement of energy resources.
 Lack of technical knowledge and equipment
to utilize existing resources...
 Silting Process
 “ It is a slow and continuous process, which has
reduced the storage capacity of Tarbela and Mangla
dams considerably”
(Institute for Defense Studies & Analysis)
 “ It is the process, which is naturally caused, and
influenced, one which initiates when the river is
dammed and ends when the reservoir basin is
practically filled with sediments.”

 “ It is reducing the storage capacity of the world’s

reservoirs by more than 1% par year.”
 Silting and Desilting of Reservoirs
(Dan G Batuca and Jan M. Jordaan Silting Process)
 Recommendations
To overcome present energy crisis, Pakistan
needs to take following steps in form of:

1. Short Term Plan.

2. Medium Term Plan.
3. Long Term Plan.
 Recommendations
1. Short-term Plan:
1. Increase the number of IPPs (Independent Power
Producers).
2. Reactivate the closed power generating units.
3. Overhaul the existing poor distribution system.
4. Import electricity to fulfill the current need for
industries on ad hoc basis.
5. Government should have strict check on energy
indicators on regular basis to counter such crisis in
future.
 Recommendations
2. Medium-term Plan:

1. Transformation of existing system to

renewable energy resources.

2. Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind

and micro hydro based projects in villages.
 Recommendations
3. Long-term Plan:

1.  Developing and installing coal based powerhouses.

2.   Initiate agreements for mega projects with the
energy extensive countries for sustainable energy
resources.
3.  Explorations of more oil, gas and coal reserves.
4. Provide incentives for up-gradation and training to the
engineer for new technology
 Conclusion
1. This study recommends Government of
Pakistan to take strong steps to overhaul its
existing infrastructure and transformed it to
utilize renewable energy for future needs.

2. Government should also take steps to utilize

the coal reserves though it will give us
energy for next 25 years.
Question/Answers