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Source of solids'
Drill Cuttings (Main Source)
Added In pure Materials ( Barite or Caco3)
Surfaces ( wind of desert environment)
DRILLING FLUID TESTS
SOLIDS CONTENT
Measure of the amount and type of solids present
in the fluid.
Retort of fluid to determine the amount of fluid
and solids present.
SOLIDS INDICATORS
High fluid loss
Excessive wall cake
Increase in flow properties (PV & GELS)
Types of Solids
Inert solids :
Solids has no significant electrochemical reactions
with the mud that can changes in mud properties
as PH , viscosity , YP . (As Barite )
Active solids :
Solids are very active with mud particles due to its
high activity and high service area , can cause
changes in Mud properties as PH , Viscosity , Yp
Gels ..etc , ( As: clays, salts , Anhydrites )
Type of solids
Low gravity solids
Solids in the mud including various types of drill
solids, added clays , calcium carbonate , those
solids has Sp gr around (2.6 - 2.7 SPgr).
SAND INDICATORS
High fluid loss
Excessive/poor quality wall
cake
Increase in flow properties
(PV & GELS)
Abrasion of tools occurring
Solids Removal is Vital
to Improved Drilling
API Particle Size Designations
Medium 74 250
Fine 44 - 74
Ultra-Fine 2 - 44
1 1 6 in2
2 0.5 12 in2
3 0.25 24 in2
4 0.125 48 in2
5 0.0625 96 in2
6 0.0313 192 in2 1 in3 = 1.5 oz (approximately)
7 0.0156 384 in2
8 0.0078 768 in2
9 0.0039 1356 in2
10 0.0020 3072 in2
11 0.0010 6144 in2
12 0.0005 12,288 in2
13 0.0002 24576 in2
14 0.000122 49,152 in2
15 0.000061 98,304 in2 = 628.7 ft2 = 26 ft x 26 ft
16 0.000031 196,608 in2 = 1365.3 ft2 = 37 ft x 37 ft
1/25400 in = 0.000039.4 in = 1
Shale Shaker
3. Suspended solids
driven toward wall
4. Liquid moves inward and downward in
and upward as spiraling accelerating spiral
vortex
12 65 70
6 32
4 16 18
3 12
Desander
Desilters
Mud Cleaner
Centrifuges
Decanting Centrifuge Diagram
Misconceptions About Centrifuges
INCORRECT:
INCORRECT: