An abnormally thick place or lump in yarn showing less twist at that place .

2
EFFECT
More end breaks in the next process.
Damaged fabric appearance.
Shade variation in dyed fabrics.
CAUSES
Accumulation of fly and fluff on the machine parts.
Poor carding.
Defective ring frame drafting

REMEDIES
1. Machine surfaces to be maintained clean.
2. Better fiber individualisation at cards to be achieved.
3. Setting at ring frame to be maintained.
Yarn containing rolled fibre mass, which can be
clearly seen at close distance; measurable on Uster
imperfection Indicator.

3
EFFECT
Damaged fabric appearance
Shade variation in the dyed fabrics
An abnormally thick place or lump in yarn showing less
twist at that place is called slubs

CAUSES
Accumalation of fly and fluff on the machine parts
Poor carding.
Defective ring frame drafting .

RECTIFICATION
1. Machine surfaces to be maintained clean
2.Better fiber individualisation at cards to be achieved.
Yarn with kinks(twisted onto itself)due to insufficient
tension after twisting

4
EFFECT
Entanglement with adjacent ends causing a break
Damaged fabric appearance
Shade variation in dyed fabrics
Mixing of cottons varying widely in fiber lengths and use of
immature cottons

CAUSES
Higher than normal twist in the yarn
Presence of too many long thin places in the yarn

RECTIFICATION
Optimum twist to be used for the type of cotton
processed
1.Drafting parameters to be adopted
2.Correct tension settings to be employed at winding
Measurable by Uster Imperfection Indicator and observable
on appearance

5
EFFECT
Eccentric top and bottom rollers

Damaged fabric appearance

Shade variation in dyed fabrics
Mixing of cottons varying widely in fiber lengths and use of immature cottons

CAUSES
Insufficient pressure on top rollers
Mixing of cottons varying widely in fibre lengths and use of
immature cottons

RECTIFICATION
Eccentric top and bottom rollers to be avoided
1.Wide variation in the properties of cottons used in the mixing
to be avoided
2.Better fiber individualisation at cards to be achieved.
Yarn which is weak indicating lesser twist

6
EFFECT:
More end breaks in subsequent processes
Shade variation in dyed fabrics

CAUSES:

Improper bobbin feed on the spools

Less twist in the yarn
Bad clearing at the travellar

RECTIFICATION:
Vibration of bobbins on the spindles to be avoided
1.Proper yarn clearing to be ensured
2.Periodic replacement of worn rings and travellars to
Yarn stained with oil

7
EFFECT
Damaged fabric appearance
Occurrence of black spot in fabric

CAUSES
Careless oil in the moving parts,
Careless material handlings

RECTIFICATION
Appropriate material handling procedures to be
followed
1.Maintain proper method of lubrication
2.Clean containers to be utilized for material
transportation
Very small snarl-like places in the yarn which disappear when
pulled with enough tension or Yarn with spring like shape

8
EFFECT
More breaks in winding
More noticeable in polyester and cotton blended
yarns

CAUSES

Mixing of cottons of widely differing staple length

Closer roller settings
Eccentric top and bottom rollers

RECTIFICATION

1.Mixing of cottons varying widely in fibre length to

be avoided
2.Use of optimum roller settings
3.Use of proper rollers settings free from eccentricity
to be ensured
Unduly thick piecing in yarn caused by over End piecing

9
EFFECT
More end breaks in subsequent process

CAUSES
Wrong method of piecing and over end piecing
Twisting the ends instead of knotting

RECTIFICATION

1.Separators to be provided
2.Excessive end breaks in spinning to be avoided
Slub in the yarn stained with oil

1
0
EFFECT
More end breaks in the ensuring process
Damaged fabric appearance
Shade variation in dyed fabrics

CAUSES Accumulation of oily fluff on machinery parts

Poor methods of lubrication in preparatory
processes
Negligence in segregating the oily waste from
process waste

RECTIFICATION
Yarn contact surfaces to be kept clean
1. correct procedures of lubrication
Presence of black specks of broken seeds, leaf bits and trash in y

1
1
EFFECT
Damaged fabric appearance
Production of specks during dyeing
Needle breaks during knitting
Poor performance during winding

CAUSES
Ineffective cleaning in Blow room and cards
Use of cottons with high trash and too many seed coat
fragments

RECTIFICATION
Cleaning efficiency of blow room and cards to be
improved
Protrusion of fibre ends from the main yarn
structure

1
2
EFFECT

More end breaks in winding

Uneven fabric surface

CAUSES
Use of cottons differing widely in the properties in the
same mixing
Use of worn rings and lighter travelers
Closer roller settings and very high spindle speeds
RECTIFICATION

1.Use of travelers of correct size and shape and rings in good

condition .
1.Periodic replacement of travelers
2.Roller settings to be maintained
Metallic parts, and other similar foreign matters spun
along with yarn

1
3
EFFECT
Breaks during winding
Formation of holes and stains in cloth
Damaged fabric appearance

CAUSES
Improper preparation of mixings

RECTIFICATION

Removal of foreign matters(such as jute fibres ,colour cloth

bits) to be ensured during preparation of mixing
 fluff either spun along with the yarn or loosely embedded on
the yarn

1
4
EFFECT
More breaks in winding

CAUSES
Accumulation of fluff over machine parts
Failure of over head cleaners

RECTIFICATION
Machinery surfaces to be kept clean
Performance of over head cleaners
It is a double yarn which one yarn is straight and other is
coiled over it

1
5
EFFECT
Breaks during winding
Causes streaks in the fabric

CAUSES
Feeding of two ends (instead of one ) in ring frame

RECTIFICATION
Proper feeding in ring frame
Coils of yarn coming out of the ring cops in bunches at the time

1
6
EFFECT
Increase in end breaks
Higher yarn waste
CAUSES Improper ring rail movement

Loose package and excessive coils in the package

Soft build of cops
Improper fit on the spindles

RECTIFICATION
Ring rail movement to be set right
Optimum winding
Damaged layers on the surface of the ring cops

1
7
EFFECT
Excessive breaks during winding

CAUSES

Movement of spindles is not correct

RECTIFICATION

Worn spindles to be replaced

Improper fit of empty cops with spindles to be avoided
Use of right type travellar
Step-like appearance of
the cop

1
8
EFFECT
Slough-off during winding
More breaks during unwinding(due to slough off)

CAUSES
Improper ring rail movement

RECTIFICATION

1.Proper Traveler movement

Ends not laid properly on the cone

1
9
EFFECT
More end breaks in the subsequent process
Excessive yarn waste

CAUSES
Vibrating and wrongly set cone holder
Yarn coils wrapped round the base of cone holder

RECTIFICATION

Maintenance of cone winders to be good

Cone holder settings and alignment of tension to
be done
Formation of ribbon like structure on the circumference of th

2
0
EFFECT
High level of slough off during unwinding
Excessive yarn waste
Uneven dye pick up in the case of dye packages

CAUSES Winding spindle not revolving freely

Cone holders incorrectly set

RECTIFICATION
1.Free movement of the cone holders to be ensured by
proper lubrication
Unduly soft structure of cone

2
1
EFFECT
Overall density of package is lower
Soft packing either at the base or at the nose of
cones

CAUSES Improper alignment of winding spindle

Insufficient unwinding tension

RECTIFICATION
Proper alignment & tension to be maintained during winding
Cones which are tightly built at centre, presents a shape of bell

2
2
EFFECT
Excessive breaks during subsequent processes

CAUSES High yarn tension during winding

Cone holders incorrectly set .
Damages in paper cone centre

RECTIFICATION
Quality of cones to be checked at that time of
procurement
Optimum unwinding tension to be maintained
Bulging of bunches of the yarn at the nose of the cones

2
3
EFFECT
Slough during warping/unwinding
Excessive yarn waste in next process

CAUSES Improper setting of cone holders

Damaged nose of the paper cones

RECTIFICATION

Periodical inspection of settings in winding

machines
Avoiding usage of damaged paper cones
Collapse of the structure of the cone(paper cone)itself

2
4
EFFECT
Use of poor quality /damaged paper cones
Poor system of material handling
Maintaining non optimum unwinding tension

CAUSES Use of poor quality/damaged cones

RECTIFICATION
Using of poor quality/damaged paper cones should be avoided