Professional Documents
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S.Raj Kumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Aerospace Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
SRM University, Chennai, India.
Email: aerozsraj@ymail.com
UNIT I
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
Light Weight
Ease of Installation
Simplification of Inspection
Landing Gear
Wing Flaps
Working Conditions
Service required
All liquids tend to undergo unfavorable chemical changes under severe operating
conditions
Excessive temperatures have a great effect on the life of a liquid
Localized hot spots occur on bearings, gear teeth or at the point where liquid
under pressure is forced through a small orifice.
Small metals such as zinc, lead, brass and copper have a undesirable chemical
reaction on certain liquids resulting in formation of sludge, gums and carbon (or)
other deposits which clog openings, causes valves and pistons to stick or leak and
give poor lubrication to moving parts.
Fire Point:
Temperature at which a substance gives off vapour in sufficient quantity to ignite and
continue to burn when exposed to a spark or flame.
Types:
Vegetable Base Hydraulic Fluid
Mineral Base Hydraulic Fluid
Phosphate ester base Hydraulic Fluid
If contaminated with petroleum base (or) phosphate ester base fluids, the
seals will swell, break down and block the system
Fluid is Flammable
Fluid is Flammable
In small aircraft, Wheel brakes, Flaps and Landing gear are operated using
these fluids. Used on World War II aircrafts.
Requirements:
Reservoir
Pump
Valve Mechanism
Actuating Cylinder
Integral Reservoir
Hydraulic Filters
Micronic Type (3m)-treated paperelement
Porous Metal Type (5m)-metal particles joined sintering
Heat Exchanger
Equipped with Temperature operated Bypass valve
Hydraulic Pumps
Heart of the hydraulic system
Various methods are employed to power a pump ( Electricity,
Bleed air from a turbine engine or even by a hand)
Pumping Mechanism
Gears
Gerotors
Vanes
Pistons
Selector Valves
Rotary Valve
Poppet
Spool (or) Piston
Open-Center System
Actuating Section
Power Section :
Provides fluid flow
Regulates and limits pressure
Carries fluid to various selector values in the system
Actuating Section
Contains various operating units such as wing
flaps, landing gear, brakes, boost systems and
steering mechanisms.
Advantages:
Uses:
Light, general aviation aircraft.
Variable-volume pump:
The valve reduces the pump flow to zero when no units are
operating in the system and pressure is built up in the
storage chambers, called accumulators.
Mode of Actuation:
Air must be kept clean by means of filters and also kept free
from moisture and oil droplets (or) vapours.
Source of Power :
Primary System
Emergency System
Fokker F - 27
May 22, 2017 Aircraft Systems and Instruments 46
Pneumatic System Components:
Power Section located in each engine nacelle:
Gear Box driven Compressor
Bleed Valve
Unloading Valve
Moisture Seperator
Chemical Drier
Back Pressure Valve (Right Side Only)
Filter
Shuttle Valve
Disk Type Relief Valve
Ground Charging Connection for Ground maintenance (or) Initial Filling.
May 22, 2017 Aircraft Systems and Instruments 47
Pneumatic System