Relationships in Nature

BIO108
 Symbiosis
Living together
A partnership
Two different species
Both partners benefit
mutual benefit
 Animal Kingdom
Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
Hermit crab & sea anemone
Buffalo & oxpecker
Shark & remora fish
 Crocodile & Bird
Nile crocodile
Usually eats animals
Allows bird to walk around its mouth
Crocodile bird
Cleans parasites in crocs teeth
Removes and eats scraps of food
Eats harmful leeches and parasites
 Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
Hermit crab
protects the crab
Sea anemone
Gets leftover food

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
 Buffalo & Oxpecker
Buffalo
Lets the bird eat
Oxpecker
Eats ticks and other parasites off skin
Warns buffalo of danger

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
 Shark and Remora Fish
Shark
Lets the fish eat
Remora Fish
Eats parasites
Gets the sharks leftovers
 Lichen
Slow growing plants
Partnership: fungi & algae
Neither could live alone
Relationships
Phoresis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
 Phoresis
Loose association
One organism is smaller than other
Larger organism used for transport

Dung beetles and cow dung

 Commensalism
eating together at the same table
Only one member benefits
sharing space, defense, shelter, food
Neither will die if relationship is ended

Shrimp & sea cucumber

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
 Mutualism
Both organisms derive mutual benefit
Intimate and obligatory
Neither can survive without the other
Example host and parasite

Tickbirds and rhinos

Clownfish & sea anemone
 Parasitism
Not symbiotic
Causes harm to host
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