Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ALIMENTARY TRACT
Department of Pathology
Gadjah Mada University School of Medicine
Upper ALIMENTARY tract
I. Diseases of the Mouth & Jaw
A. Congenital Disorders
B. Inflammatory disorders
C. Tumors and tumor-like conditions
II. Diseases of the Salivary Glands
A. Sialadenitis
B. Acute parotitis
C. Sjogren syndrome
D. Mucocele
E. Ranula
F. Tumors of the salivary gland
III. Diseases of the Esophagus
A.Tracheoesophageal fistula
B. Esophageal diverticula
C. Achalasia
D. Esophageal varices
E. Hiatus hernia
F. Inflammatory and related disorders
of the esophagus
G. Carcinoma of the esophagus
I.A. CONGENITAL DISORDERS
Aphthous stomatitis
GLOSSITIS
Geographic tongue Hairry tongue
3. Odontogenic tumors
a. Odontoma: hamartoma derived from odontoblastic epithelium
b. Ameloblastoma:
- epithelial tumor arising from precursor cells of the enamel organ
- usually before age 35, and most fequently in mandible
- irregular local extension
4. Oral cancer
- mostly squamous cell carcinoma
- often associated with abuse of tobacco and alcohol
- may be associated with irritants: pipe smoking, chewing tobacco
or betel nuts
LEUKOPLAKIA
- white patches of keratosis
- premalignant lesion
- hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium
- dysplastic changes
A. Sialadenitis
B. Mucocele
C. Ranula
D. Tumors
Pleomorphic adenoma (Mixed tumor)
Warthin tumor / adenolymphoma / Papillary cystadenoma
lymphomatosum
Oncocytoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid tumor
II. A. Sialadenitis
Acute
- Suppurative parotitis
- Non-suppurative parotitis
- Parotitis epidemica / Mumps: paramyxovirus
Orchitis/ Oophoritis
- Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Chronic
1. SJOGRENS SYNDROME :
- Autoimmune disease
- Keratoconjungtivitis sicca
- Xerostomia
- Parotitis hyperplasia
2. MIKULICZ SYNDROME :
- Idiophatic
- Keratoconjungtivitis sicca
- Xerostomia
- Unilateral parotitis hyperplasia
Mucocele
A cyst-like pool of mucus, lined by granulation tissue,
near a minor salivary gland
Results from mucus leakage caused by rupture of
obstructed or traumatized ducts
Ranula
Is a large mucocele, of salivary gland of origin,
characteristically localized to the floor of the mouth
Tumors of the Salivary Glands
1. Pleomorphic adenoma (Mixed tumor)
2. Warthin tumor / adenolymphoma / Papillary
cystadenoma lymphomatosum
3. Oncocytoma
4. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
5. Mucoepidermoid tumor
Anatomy of parotid gland
Anatomy of parotid gland
Pleomorphic adenoma (parotid)
Pleomorphic adenoma (gross)
Pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma
Warthin tumor
The most common variant (90%), the lower portion of the esophagus communicates
With the trachea near the tracheal bifurcation, the upper esophagus ends in a blind
pouch
Associated abnormality: maternal polyhydramnion
- pharyngoesophageal diverticula
- Portal hypertension
- cirrhosis hepatis
- Haematemesis
III. Diseases of the esophagus
E. HIATUS HERNIA
The presence of part of the stomach above the diaphragmatic orifice, mostly acquired
Increased intra-abdominal pressure and loss of diaphragmatic muscular tone with aging
herniation of the stomach and subsequent retraction of the esophagus.
III. Diseases of the Esophagus
F. Inflammatory and related disorders
of the esophagus
1. Gastroesophageal reflux
2. Barrets esophagus
3. Candida esophagitis
4. Viral esophagitis
5. Esophageal stricture
III. Diseases of the Esophagus
F. 1. Gastroesophageal reflux
Reflux of gastric acid contents into the esophagus esophagitis,
stricture, ulceation, or columnar metaplasia (Barrets esophagus)
Usually characterized by burning pain (often manifests by substernal
pain or heartburn) relieved by antacids
Often precipitated by assuming recumbent position
Associated:
- most commonly with hiatal hernia and incompetent lower
esophageal sphincter
- with excessive use of alcohol & tobacco, and with increased gastric
volume
- with pregnancy and scleroderma
III. Diseases of the Esophagus
F.2. BARRETS ESOPHAGUS
Herpetic esophagitis
Characterized by painful and difficult swallowing
Tends to occur in immunosuppressed patient, caused
by HSV-1 infection