FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF

REHABILITATED RC BEAMS
USING FERROCEMENT LAMINATES

PRESENTED
BY
M.NILAVAN
S.HARISHANKAR

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
 INTRODUCTION
AIM
To extend the service life of a RC
structure

REHABILITATION may be necessary to increase

the load carrying capacity, repair &damage.

Our reported studies have shown that Externally Bonded Of

Ferro cement can be effectively used to increase the strength
and stiffness of RC beams
The reported studies have shown that externally bonded FRP Nito bond.
(Epoxy resin) were used.

Corrosion damage was introduced in the RC beams By using

electrochemical accelerated corrosion techniques
 The specific objectives of this study
To induce the accelerated corrosion technique

To monitor the rebar corrosion using electrochemical

techniques (open circuit potential)
To evaluate the quality of concrete using NDT
methods before and after corrosion
To study the effects of rebar corrosion by static test
To evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitated beams using epoxy
bonded ferrocement laminates for corrosion
damaged beams
To compare the performances of undamaged, damaged
and rehabilitated beams experimentally
To investigate the most efficient use of
ferrocemnet laminates material for repair of
corrosion damaged beams
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
A total of ten RC beams were cast in this phase of the study .

Before Casting
Photo layout

All of the beams had 100mm 100mm 500mm cross section

with 2-12mm diameter tensile reinforcement and 5
6mm diameter stirrups and were caste
 The concrete of 28
days compressive strength
30N/mm2 was used for made RC specimens

Degree of corrosion (10%), rehabilitation by three different volume fraction

(Vr = 2%, 3% & 4%) of Ferro cement laminates. Details of the specimen
are introduced in below table.

W it h
M ou l d
Detail of specimens
Specimen Degree of Volume Identify
designation corrosion (Dc) fraction
(Vr)
BP 1 NONE NONE CONTROL
BP 2 NONE NONE CONTROL
BC 1 10% NONE CORROSION
BC 2 10% NONE CORROSION
BC 3 10% 2% REHABILITATED

BC 4 10% 2% REHABILITATED

BC 5 10% 3% REHABILITATED

BC 6 10% 3% REHABILITATED

BC 7 10% 4% REHABILITATED

BC 8 10% 4% REHABILITATED
 Accelerated corrosion technique
The corrosion process of rebar took place in a plastic tank where 3.5%
NaCl solution was used as an electrolyte.
The solution level in the tank was nearly to the cover of the concrete.

This paper the current intensity supplied to the rebar was 620 mA with
the current density 1.827mA/cm2 for desired degree of corrosion 10%.

Accelerat
ed Corros
ion Setup
Acceler
ated Co
rrosion
Setup photo la
yout
 Metal loss due to corrosion was
determined by applying Faradays Law
for metal loss
m = M I t / z F
Where
m is the mass of steel consumed (g),
M is the atomic weight of metal (56 g for Fe),
I is the current (Amperes),
t is the time (seconds),
z is the ionic charge (2), and
F is Faradays constant (96500 Amperes, Seconds ).
The open circuit potentials (OCP)
It has been suggested by ASTM C867-91 that the corrosion probability is less
than 10% when OCP is higher than -200mV Cu/CuSO4
and
higher than90% when OCP is lower than -350mV Cu/CuSO4 .
Open circuit potentials along the beam
After
corro
sion
 TEST FOR the
To evaluate CONCRETE
quality
of concrete
The NDT evaluations were carried out by
Rebound Hammer Test and Ultrasonic Pulse
Velocity Test before and after rebar corrosion on tension
side of the beams.

m er Ultra
Ha m Velo soni
u nd city c Pu
Reb o lse
Rebound hammer test

Reduction of concrete quality by corrosion

Ultrasonic pulse velocity test

Quality of concrete reduced by corrosion

 Evaluation of performance
There are six Ferro cement laminates cast for
three different volume fractions (Vr = 2%, 3% &
4%) after 14 days curing and are bonding in the tension face of
the corrosion damaged RC beam by Nito bond. (Epoxy resin)

Diffe
rent
v o lu
mesh me fract
P es iona
volume fractions

Nd 2 w 1 1
Vr
Where, 4h DL DT
dw = dia of wire

h = Thickness of Ferro cement element

N = No. of layers

DL = Intermediate distance between wires

DT = Intermediate thickness between wires

 Testing of beams
The static test was conducted on undamaged,
damaged and rehabilitated beams under two
point loading systems.

Stat
ic Lo
Mac ad Test
hin
Load deflection profile of beams
 CONCLUSIONS
The corroded beam exhibited losses of 20% of its load
carrying capacity and 40% of its deflection
capacities as a result of 10% steel loss.

Ferro cement laminates on external bonding increased in

beams of load carrying capacity by 10% to 40%
and reduced deflection capacities by 33% to
45% with respect to perfect (undamaged) beams.

NDT methods used in this study are good evaluation

for concrete quality before and after corrosion.

The 3% volume fraction of reinforcement Ferro

cement laminates performed superiorly compared
with others.

REFERENCES
B.Vidivelli, Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures, Standard
Publishers Distributors, New Delhi, 2007.
Mangat,P.S and Elgarf,M.S. (1999), Strength and serviceability of
repaired reinforced concrete beams undergoing reinforced
corrosion, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.51, No.2, pp. 97-
112.
Paramasivam,P, Ong. K.C.G and Lim.C.T.E. (1992), Flexural
strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using ferrocement
laminates, Journal of ferrocemen, Vol. 22, No. 4.
Sherwood. E.G and Soudki. K.A. (2000), Rehabilitation of
corrosion damaged concrete beams with CFRP Laminates - a pilot
study, Journal of composites part B: Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 6,
pp. 453-459.
Nounu. G and Chaudhary. Z. (1999), Reinforced concrete repairs
in Beams, Journal of construction and Building materials , Vol.
l3, No. 4, pp.l95 212.
Enright. M.P and Frangopol. D.M. (1998), Probabilistic analysis of
resistance degradation of Reinforced Concrete Bridge beams under
corrosion, Journal of Engineering Structures, Vol. 20, No. 11, pp.
960 971.