DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA


PRODUCTION OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE FROM 1-BUTENE
LECTURER: DR. HAMDAN

GROUP 5:
DASHINE NAIR A/P VASU 175671
IFFAH AMIRAH BT HUSSIN ALI 172719
MOHD HAFSHAM BIN ARIFIN 156403
NURUL DALILA BINTI MOHD RAMLI 174821
INTRODUCTION
Maleic Anhydride
Maleic anhydride is an organic compound
with the formula C2H2(CO)2O.
It is produced industrially on a large scale
for applications in coatings and polymers.
The IUPAC name for maleic anhydride are

Furan-2 or 5-dione.

Structure formula for maleic

anhydride
1-Butene
1-Butene is an organic chemical compound,
linear alpha-olefin (alkene), and one of the
isomers of butene.
The formula is C H .
4 8
IUPAC name but-1-ene and other names are
ethyl ethylene or 1-butylene.

Structure formula for 1-butene

 Sample Process
The reactant gas enters the fast bed via
the gas distributor grid and fluidizes the
VPO catalyst.
Additional gaseous oxygen can be fed
into the lower part of the fast bed via
spargers.
In the stripper an inert gas is injected to
avoid gas leakages between the reactors.
From the bottom zone of the stripper the
solid material is discharged and fed into
the regenerator.
The entrained catalyst is collected in so
called totes and is not fed to the
process again. However, most of the
solid material is oxidized in the
regenerator and is then transported back
into the fast bed.
Reaction Mechanism
1-butene to maleic anhydride
(1) C4H8 + 3 O2 C4H2O3 + 3 H2O

(2) C4H8 + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

(3) C4H8 + O2 2 C2H4O

(4) C4H8 + O2 C4H6O + H2O

Production and Selectivity

Goal Production: 40,000 metric tons/ year

Selectivity
of maleic anhydride, the desired
product, was found by the following equation:

FMA
Selectivity
FCO 2 FC 2 H 4 O FC 4 H 6 O
Working Equation

From the goal production of 40,000
tonnes/yr, convert it to kg/day.
Then, find the molar flow rate of MAN.

C H + 3O C H O + 3H 0
4 8 2 4 2 3 2
To find the amount of 1-Butene to be fed.
Set the operating conditions.

C =F /v
A0 A0 0
CA = CA0 [(1-X)/ (1+X)] = CA0(1-X)
pA = CA RT = CA0(1-X)RT

The reaction order of 1-Butene and the rate
constant,
r = k x p
1 A
k1 = 3.8075 x 105 exp (-11569/T) kmol/kcat-
bar.s
Weight of catalyst,
The heat released,
Find the mass flow rate,
Find the Area,
Values of diameter and length obtained.
 APPLICATIONS OF
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
Manufacture of Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UPR)

UPR + Chopped Glass Fibers Fiberglass

Fiber glass

Pleasure boats
Bathroom fixtures
Automobiles
Pipes
Tanks
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
Lubricating oil additives
Used in gasoline and diesel engine crank case oils
Food industry
Artificial sweeteners
Flavour enhancements
Personal care products
Hair sprays
Floor polishes
SAFETY
CHEMICAL DANGERS:
The substance decomposes on contact with water producing corrosive maleic acid.
The solution in water is a medium strong acid. Reacts with strong oxidants.

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE:
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the
skin and by ingestion.

INHALATION RISK:
A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of
this substance at 20C.

EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE:

The substance irritates severely the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract.
Inhalation of the substance may cause asthma-like reactions.

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE:

Repeated or prolonged inhalation exposure may cause asthma. The substance may
have effects on the eyes , resulting in chronic eyes irritation.
 Local exhaust or breathing protection.
Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
Safety goggles, or eye protection in

combination with breathing protection if

powder.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.