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Operation
Maintenance
Planning
Monitor
Simulate
Operate Analyze
Optimize
Predict Control
Manage
ETAP Real -Time
ETAP Real-Time
Financial
Engineering
Planning
As a component of the Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) system, ETAP optimizes the exchange of
information between diverse tiers of an organization
while channeling domain sensitive information.
Market Solutions
Oil Refineries
Oil Platforms
Oil Production Fields
Chemical Plants
Mining
Manufacturing Plants
Health Care Facilities
Generation Plants
Data Centers
Switchgear & Relay Manufacturers
Error Detection
Optimization System
Requirements EMS Control
System Topology
$$$
Intelligent Load Shedding
Conventional Methods
Frequency Delay MW
Stage
Hz Sec. Shed
1 58.5 0.25 10
2 57.5 2.00 30
Intelligent Load Shedding
Under-Frequency Relay (81)
Features
Detects after effects of disturbances
Limitations
Slow response time
Advantages
Limitations
Lack of system topology / connectivity / islanding
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Load 1
j QG j QL
Gen Load 2
P=0 Load 3
Load 1
P’ + j Q’
Gen Load 2
P’ > P
Q’ >> Q Load 3
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen Load 2
Load 3
Load 3
Load 4
jQ jQ
Gen2 Load 5
Load 6
Study Disturbance
Intelligent Load Shedding
Needs for Optimal Solution
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Study 81 Relay Response
Intelligent Load Shedding
Needs for Optimal Solution
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
P4 + jQ4
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
P5 + jQ5
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Actual Operating Condition
Intelligent Load Shedding
Needs for Optimal Solution
jQ1
Load 1
jQ
Gen1 Load 2
jQ3
Load 3
P4 + jQ4
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
P5 + jQ5
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
Actual Operating Condition
Intelligent Load Shedding
Needs for Optimal Solution
P1 + jQ1
Load 1
P+jQ
Gen1 Load 2
P3 + jQ3
Load 3
Load 4
P’ + j Q’
Gen2 Load 5
P6 + jQ6
Load 6
81 Relay Response
Intelligent Load Shedding
Intelligent Load Shedding
Objective
Shed Minimum Load
Dependencies
Disturbance Type & Location
Generation Level
Spin Reserve
System Configuration
System Loading
Load Distribution
Operation Constraints
Individual Circuit Breaker Loading
Fault
Time
Clearing 10 70
ms
Local 10 30 90
Time
PLC ms
Remote 70 90 150
Time
PLCs 30 ms
Fault
Time
Clearing 0.5 5.5
Cy
Local 0.5 2 7
Time
PLC Cy
Remote 5.5 7 12
Time
PLCs 2 Cy
Fault 81 Relay
100ms to 500ms
Time
150ms to 300ms
PLC Load
Receives CB
Signal Open
Key Features
User-Defined Load Priority
User-Defined Load Groups
Unlimited Load Shedding Schedules
Operator Friendly Interface
On-Line Testing to Validate ILS Actions
User-Defined Trigger Inhibition
Operator Alerts
Operator Display
Load MW
Loads to Shed
Spinning Reserve
Required Load to Shed
Active Triggers
ILS Server
X
Frequency Relay
ILS Server
Intelligent Load Shedding
ILS Response
Response to Mechanical & Electrical Disturbances
Generator Breaker Trip
Utility Main Breaker Trip
Fuel Availability
Process Alarms
Faults in the System
Spinning Reserve Availability
User-Customizable Triggers
Project
OLV
Select Mode
Edit Toolbar
AC Elements
DC Elements
Instrument Devices
Grid
•Induction Motor •Synch.
•Lumped •Motor
MOV
•Static •Capacitor
Load
•Panel
Load System •Harmonic Filter
•Remote Connector •Phase Adapter
•Static Var Compensator•HV DC Transmission Link
•Composite Motor •Composite Network
•Fuse •Contactor
•HV •LVCB
•Recloser
CB
•Overload Heater •In line- Overload Relay
•Single Throw Switch •Double Throw Switch
•Instrumentation •Ground
•Display Options •Schedule
Grid Report Manager
Point Bus
er
DC DC Impedance
Cable
Converter
Battery
DC Static Load
DC Motor
DC Lumped Load Composite CSD
DC Composite Motor Composite Network
DC CB DC Fuse
•Single Throw DC Double Throw Switch
Switch
Uninterruptible power supply VFD
Charg Inverter
er
•Current •Potential
Transformer Transformer
•Voltmeter •Ammeter
•Multi meter
•Voltage Relay 27 •Reverse Power
/ 59 Relay
•Frequency Relay •MV Solid State Trip
81 Relay
•Motor relay
Analysis Toolbar Format
Analysis Toolbars have the following sections:
1. Run the calculation
2. Display Options
3. View the generated reports
4. Stop the calculation
5. Get On-Line data and Get Archived Data
6. Load Flow Result Analyzer
All PowerStation Analysis toolbars follow this
general format.
System Dumpster
Message Log