Lanthanide

Isaac Rupert
Cheyenne Lupole
 Family Name:
Group Name: Family Name: None
Lanthanides
Symbol
Names: Chemical
Symbol:
1.) Cerium
1.) Ce
2.) Gadolinium
2.) Gd
3.) Samarium
3.) Sm
4.) Erbium
4.) Er
5.) Terbium
5.) Tb
6.) Ytterbium
6.) Yb
Elements
Cerium
Metal

Gadolinium
Metal

Samarium
Metal

Erbium
Metal
 Valence
Electrons
Cerium - 2
Gadolinium
Gadolinium - 2 Cerium Chloride
Miserite Hexahydrate
Samarium - 2
Terbium
Erbium - 2 Iodide
Ytterbium
Terbium - 2 Fluoride

Ytterbium - 2
Samarium Erbium
Nitrate Nitrate
State of Element at
Room Temperature
Gadolinium Cerium

riu
um

m ma
Solid

i
rb

Sa
Te
Gadolinium

te
ati
m Solid
iu

Ap
r
Ce Ytterbium
Samarium
Solid
e
lit
ya

Erbium
d
Eu

Erbium
Solid
Practical Use for each
Element
Cerium
Used in flat screen tvs and
used as flint in cigarette
lighters.
Gadolinium
Can be combined with
Ytterbium to form garnets in
micro-wave technology.
Samarium
Erbium
Used in nuclear technology to
make neutron-absorbing control
rods. Also when Terbium is
added to vanadium as an alloy,
it lowers its hardness and
improves its workability.
Terbium
Is used to dope some solid state
devices. (Doping is replacing
one atom type to another to
give a specific element different
Practical Use for each
Element
Ytterbium
Can be used to improve the
grain refinement, strength, and
other mechanical properties of
stainless steel.
Physical Properties of
Set
Cerium Gadolinium
Melting Point: 1313C, 2395F,
Melting Point: 799C, 1470F, 1070 K 1586 K
Boiling Point: 3273C, 2395F,
Boiling Point: 3443C, 6229F, 3716 K 1586 K
Density: 7.90g
Density: 6.77 - 6.78 g/cm^-3 Color: Silvery-white
Hardness:
Color: Grey Brinell: None
Mohs: None
Hardness Scale: Vickers: 570 MN m-2
Comparison:
Brinell: 412 MN m-2
All Lanthanides are solid state at room temperature but
Mohs:
some of 2.5
the other nonmetals such as Nitrogen can be turned
Physical Properties of
Set (cont.)
Samarium: Erbium

Melting Point 1443 K, 1170C, 1965F Melting Point: 1802 K, 1529C,

2784F
Boiling Point: 2067 K, 1794C, 326F
Boiling Point: 3141 K 2868C,
Density: 7.54g 5194F

Color: Silvery-White Density: 9.07g

Hardness Scale: Color: Silvery-White

Comparison: Hardness Scale:
Brinell: 441 MN-2
The lanthanides are different from the other groups
Mohs: 412 MN-2 Brinell:
Physical Properties of
Set (cont.)
Terbium Ytterbium
Melting Point: 1629 K, 1356C, 2473F Melting Point:
Boiling Point: 3503 K 3230C, 5846F Boiling Point:
Density: 8.23g Density
Color: Silvery-grey Color:
Hardness Scale: Hardness Scale:
Comparison:
Brinell: 6771200 Brinell: 343441
Mohs: no scale Mohs: no scale
Chemical Reactivity
of Set
Cerium: Erbium:

Reacts to water Reacts to Air

Forms: Cerium Hydroxide Forms:

Erbium Oxide
Gadolinium:
Reacts to water
Terbium

Forms: Reacts to Air

Gadolinium Hydroxide Forms:

Hydrogen Gas Terbium Oxide

 Interesting Facts
Cerium: Cerium is named after the dwarf planet Ceres, which was discovered in 1801, two years before
the element.

Gadolinium: The elements name is similar to gadolinite, a mineral named after a Finnish chemist
named Johan Gadolin.

Samarium: It was the first element to be named after a person, a French chemist Paul mile Lecoq de
Boisbaudran in 1879. It was when he was working from a laboratory on the second floor of his home.

Erbium: It is not required in the human body but recent studies have shown that it may help the
metabolism.
 Resources
List
Samarium (Sm) [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.stanfordadvancedmaterials.com/sm.html

About Er [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.stanfordadvancedmaterials.com/er.html

Gadolinium [Online Image]. (2006). Retrieved from

http://www.periodictablepen.com/1-chemical-elements/webelements/elements/text/Gd/key.html

Ytterbium [Online Image]. (2006). Retrieved from

http://www.periodictablepen.com/1-chemical-elements/ytterbium/

Ytterbium [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/070/
 Resources List
(cont.)
Gadolinium [Online Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gadolinium-3.jpg

Samarium [Online Image]. (2016). Retrieved from

http://images-of-elements.com/samarium.php

Ytterbium [Online Image]. (2016). Retrieved from

http://images-of-elements.com/ytterbium.php

Gray, T. G. (2008). theodoregray.com [Online Image]. Retrieved from

http://theodoregray.com/periodictable/Elements/058/index.s14.html

Cerium [Online Image]. (2006). Retrieved from

http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/058/
 Resources List
(cont.)
Samarium Nitrate Hexahydrate. [Online Image]. (2015). Retrieved from
http://www.pangea-intl.com/goods.php?id=98

Gray, T. G. (2008). theodoregray.com [Online Image]. Retrieved from

http://theodoregray.com/periodictable/Elements/065/index.s13.html

Erbium Nitrate Pentahydrate [Online Image]. Retrieved from

http://www.pangea-intl.com/goods.php?id=88