2. Insulation Resistance check before H.V test 3. H.V test (Power frequency voltage withstand test, Impulse voltage withstand test) 4. Insulation Resistance check after H.V test 5. Temperature rise test 6. Rated short time current test 7. Vibration test. Busbar Testing Contact Resistance test Contact Resistance measured by injecting the DC current through the busbar. With the feed back of voltage drop the resistance value will be arrived in the micro ohmmeter. Busbar Testing Insulation Resistance check after H.V test
Insulation value measured between phase to
earth and between phases with the help of 5 KV megger for 60 seconds. After HV test to find out any detonation of insulation material after the HV test voltage stress. And to be compare with the IR values taken before the HV test. Busbar Testing Insulation Resistance check before H.V test
Insulation values measured between phase to
earth and between phases with the help of 5 KV megger for 60 seconds. Busbar Testing H.V test Busbar Testing H.V test The high voltage test is conducted to find the healthiness of the dielectric material supporting the bus bar. This is achieved by applying 24 KV AC between phase Earth (remaining phases are shorted and earthed) for 1 minute. With the help of HV test kit.
The leakage current in milli amps will be
measured and recorded for analyzing purpose the insulation should be withstand this test for the specified period. Isolator testing Isolator Isolator testing Isolator testing Short circuit test Relay testing Relay Relay Testing of Relays Functional Tests(Type test) The functional tests consist of applying the appropriate inputs to the relay under test and measuring the performance to determine if it meets the specification. They are usually carried out under controlled environmental conditions. The testing may be extensive, even where only a simple relay function is being tested Testing of Relays Rating Tests(Type test)
Rating type tests are conducted to
ensure that components are used within their specified ratings and that there are no fire or electric shock hazards under a normal load or fault condition of the power system. Testing of Relays Thermal Withstand(Type test) The thermal withstand of VTs, CTs and output contact circuits is determined to ensure compliance with the specified continuous and short-term overload conditions. In addition to functional verification, the pass criterion is that there is no detrimental effect on the relay assembly, or circuit components, when the product is subjected to overload conditions that may be Testing of Relays Insulation Resistance(Type test)
The insulation resistance test is
carried out according to IEC 60255-5, i.e. 500V d.c. 10%, for a minimum of 5 seconds. This is carried out between all circuits and case earth, between all independent circuits and across normally open contacts. The acceptance criterion for a product in new condition is a minimum of 100M Dielectric Voltage Withstand 1. 2.0kV r.m.s., 50/60Hz for 1 minute between all terminals and case earth and also between independent circuits, in accordance with IEC 60255-5. Some communication circuits are excluded from this test, or have modified test requirements e.g. those using D-type connectors 2. 1.5kV r.m.s., 50/60Hz for 1 minute across normally open contacts intended for connection to tripping circuits, in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.90 3. 1.0kV r.m.s., 50/60Hz for 1 minute across the ENVIRONMENTAL TYPE TESTS Temperature Test Dry heat withstand tests are performed at 70C for 96 hours with the relay de-energised. Cold withstand tests are performed at 40C for 96 hours with the relay deenergised. Operating range tests are carried out with the product energised, checking all main functions operate within tolerance over the specified working temperature ENVIRONMENTAL TYPE TESTS Humidity Test The humidity test is performed to ensure that the product will withstand and operate correctly when subjected to 93% relative humidity at a constant temperature of 40C for 56 days. CCVT Coupling capacitor Lightening Arrester Testing Lightening Arrester Lightening Arrester Lightening Arrester Surge Arresters ( Lightning Arresters ) are the protective devices for limiting the surge voltages on the equipments / power distribution system. These arresters help in discharging this surge current, thus protecting the system and equipment from dangerous over voltages and also disturbances. Lightning arresters, age out during its period of services due to, Moisture ingress, due to sealing problems. Ageing of Zinc Oxide Varistors. Dust particles on external surface. Cracks on porcelain surface. when Lightning Arrester fails it explodes with porcelain splinters and apart from creating a Short Circuit, it also mechanically damages the other surrounding equipments like CTs, PTs, Transformer Bushing etc, thus creating a total disruption of power circuit. Lightening Arrester Insulation Resistance Measurement.
The tests are conducted with a High Voltage Meggar,
usually 2500V. The value, usually in the order of megohms, is compared with the previous values and the Lightening Arrester Harmonic Test (online test)
When the lightning arrestor is in line, a small leakage
current flows through it. This current can be analysed for Harmonics. Online harmonics analysers for lightning arrestors are available. The leakage current is analysed for the presence of the 3rd Harmonic which usually indicates a failure in the near future. Lightening Arrester Monitoring Surge Counter Infrared Imaging Lightening Arrester Hipot Test The Hipot test is conducted at about 175% of the rated voltage. In addition to these tests, a visual inspection of the lightning arrestors for cracks, dust accumulation, broken fitments is also useful.
In the event of system overvoltages
or adverse weather conditions such as thunderstorms, the lightning arrestors Lightening Arrester
a) Lightning Arresters and its counters
should always be in good condition.
b) The earthing pits of the Lightning
Arresters should always be kept under activated condition.
c) The counter reading of Surge Counter be
taken every day. Station Batteries Capacity test Procedure for capacity test Verify that the battery has had an equalizing charge if specified by the manufacturer Check all battery connections and ensure all resistance readings are correct Record specific gravity of every cell Record the float voltage of every cell Record the temperature of every sixth cell in order to get an average temperature Record the battery terminal float voltage Disconnect the charger from the battery Start the discharge. The discharge current should be corrected for the temperature obtained at point 5 (not if capacity is corrected afterwards) and maintained during the entire test. Record the voltage of every cell and the battery terminal voltage in the beginning of the discharge test Record the voltage of every cell and the battery terminal voltage one or several times at specified intervals when the test is running Maintain the discharge until the battery terminal voltage has decreased to the specified end of discharge voltage (for instance 1.75 x number of cells) Record the voltage of every cell and the battery terminal voltage at the end of the test. The cell voltages at the end of the test have special importance since weak cells are indicated here. Calculate the actual battery capacity General Maintenance of Lead Acid Batteries Keep the surface of the container dry Temperature should not exceed 450C. Should be immediately charged after discharging( do not keep it idle). Store in a cool and dry place in fully charged condition when not in use for a long time. Loss of water shall be made up by distilled water. Stop discharging when voltage falls to 1.8 volts Rate of charge/discharge should not be exceeded the normal specified values. Level of electrolyte must be kept above the top of plates. Maintain specific gravity of electrolyte between 1.28 to 1.18 Flames/sparks shall be away from battery Acid must be pure and colourless. Instrument Transformer Tests Requirements of CTs used for protection It should have correct ratio even if the primary current is greater than rated current of CT. The core should not saturate for high values of current during faults. It should maintain the ratio error and phase angle error in tolerable limits. Current Transformer Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection
Verify nameplate ratings are in accordance with the approved
drawings and specifications. Inspect for physical damage/ defects and mechanical condition. Verify correct connection of transformers with system requirements. Verify that adequate clearances exist between primary and secondary circuit wiring. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method. Verify that all required grounding and shorting connection provided. Verify all shorting blocks are in correct position, either grounding or open as required. Verify single point grounding of each core done properly. Grounding point shall be nearer to the CT location. However Current Transformer Insulation Resistance Test
The voltage shall be applied between:
1. Primary to secondary plus ground. 2. Secondary to primary plus ground. 3. Secondary core to core. Test voltage limits mentioned in table below. The ambient temperature shall be noted down during test.
Table Test Voltage Limits
Rated voltage Test voltage 100-1000V 1000V DC >1000 to 5000V 5000V DC Current Transformer Polarity Test Magnetization curve test Current Transformer Secondary / Loop Resistance Test Ratio test