Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Principal
The Principal:
Creative Leadership for Excellence in
Schools, 7e
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-2 All rights reserved.
The Principal: The Role in Context
Leadership as Philosophy in Action
Espoused Values and Values in Use
Leadership from a Values Perspective
Shared Vision and Authority
Contrasting the Transactional and Transformational
Ethical Responsibilities of Transformational Leadership
Management and Leadership
Roles and Functions
Management and Leadership
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-3 All rights reserved.
Assumptions of Transactional
Leadership
Leadership is a Leadership is bound
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-4 All rights reserved.
Therefore Transactional Leaders
(i.e. Managers):
Control their organizations through the
manipulation of power designed to:
* Make individuals perform (task),
* Feel good about performing
(consideration), and
* Perform at their level of competency
(maturity).
- Foster, W. (1989)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-5 All rights reserved.
The Individualistic View of
Leadership Fails to Consider:
That leadership is That it involves
always context mutual negotiations
bound and shared
leadership roles
* It occurs in a social
community * It cannot occur
without
* It is the result of followership
human interaction
* Many times the two
and negotiations are interchangeable
Foster (1989)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-6 All rights reserved.
Power.
Transformational leadership is
accomplished when leaders delegate
and surrender power over people and
events in order to achieve power over
accomplishments and goal achievement
Authentic accountability, the authority to
match responsibility, is granted.
- Sergiovanni (1989)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-7 All rights reserved.
Authorship without power is isolating
and splintering. Power without
- Bolman can
authorship & Deal, Leading With Soul
be dysfunctional and,
1995, p. 108
oppressive.
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-8 All rights reserved.
Bass First and Second Order
Change Theory
First Order Change Second Order Change
(Transactional): (Transformational):
Determine Raise subordinates
subordinates needs awareness
Seek to provide Encourage
appropriate rewards commitment to
organizational goals
Respond to self-
interests that match
Foster a broadening of
subordinates needs
organizational goals and wants
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-9 All rights reserved.
Moral Leadership
Sergiovanni
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-10 All rights reserved.
Moral Leadership: 4 Substitutes
for Leadership Added
School Norms A Collegiality
shared covenant Members join
binds members together in shared
around common support while still
values and beliefs. developing self-
The Professional management and
Ideal Members self-leadership skills.
accept responsibility Rewarding Work
for their professional Members see their
development and work as meaningful
service to students. and are accountable.
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-11 All rights reserved.
Transformational Leadership
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-12 All rights reserved.
Leadership is More Than
Management for
It is oriented not just toward the
development of more perfect
organizational structures, but toward a
reconceptualization of life practices where
common ideals of freedom and
democracy stand important.
-Foster, W. (1989, p.52)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-13 All rights reserved.
Transformational Leaders
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-15 All rights reserved.
Four Criteria for the Practice of
Leadership
Leadership must be critical
- Foster, (1989)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-16 All rights reserved.
Leadership as Educative
Fosters an analysis
* Considers organizational history, purpose, and
power distribution
* Reflects on institutional arrangements
Stimulates a vision
* Encourages consideration of alternative ways of
operating
* Raises followers consciousness of social
conditions
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-17 All rights reserved.
Leadership as Critical
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-18 All rights reserved.
Leadership as Ethical
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-20 All rights reserved.
Transformational Leadership is:
A transforming practice
* It is and must be socially critical
An empowerment of followers
* It does not reside in one individual but in the
relationship between individuals
A vehicle for organizational change
* It is oriented toward social vision and change
not
simply organizational goals.
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-21 All rights reserved.
Transformation
It is not a radical It happens in
restructuring of a everyday events
social order; rather When commonplace
it is (observed) in leaders exert some
small doses in the effect on their
activities of various situations
groups and
individuals who - Foster, W. (1989,
hope to make some pp. 52-53).
sort of difference.
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-22 All rights reserved.
Cooperation
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-23 All rights reserved.
Leaders Lead By
Challenging the Process
Inspiring a Shared Vision
Enabling Others to Act
Modeling the Way
Encouraging the Heart
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-24 All rights reserved.
Leadership, in the final analysis, is the ability
of humans to relate deeply to each other in the
search for a more perfect union. Leadership is
a consensual task, a sharing of ideas and a
sharing of responsibilities, where a leader is a
leader for the moment only, where the
leadership exerted must be validated by the
consent of the followers, and where leadership
lies in the struggles of a community to find
meaning for itself.
- Foster, (1989, p.61)
The Principal: Creative Leadership for Excellence in 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Schools, 7e 1-25 All rights reserved.