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Under Kind Supervision

Dr. K.B. Mirbahar
Professor
Department of Animal Reproduction
By:
Sajid Aziz Samo
2K8-AR-156 2
Physiology

Dr. Sajid Aziz

OF
PLACENTA

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PLACENTAL HORMONES

PROTEIN HORMONES
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ( eCG)
Placental Lactogen
Protein B
STEROID HORMONES
Estrogen
Progesterone

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EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ( eCG)

COMPOSITION
Glycoprotein ( & subunits) similar to LH and FSH,
and higher carbohydrate contents
have 92 amino acids and 2 carbohydrates
have 145 amino acids and 5 carbohydrates
Higher sialic acid.
Cups form 45th day of pregnancy until 85th day of
pregnancy.
have a 40,000 Daltons molecular weight
eCG synthesize from syncytotrophoblastic cells
eCG found in both urine and blood

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EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN ( eCG)

Endometrial cups of placenta which secrete equine

Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone

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CONT..

FUNCTIONS
Stimulate ovarian follicles ( some ovulate and some
lutinize and produce progestogen which maintain
pregnancy
Commercially use for super ovulation
eCG has a primarily luteining and luteotropic and little
bit FSH activity
Detection of Pregnancy will helps by eCG
It detects in urine after 8 days of conception by
sensitive immunoassay

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 CONT..

Most important function is to prevent the normal

involution of the corpus luteum at the end of sexual cycle
Instead, it causes the corpus luteum to secrete large
quantity of sexual hormones (progesterone and
estrogen)
These cause the Endometrium to continue
growing and to store large amount of
nutrients
Exerts an interstitial cell stimulating effect on the fetus
to produce testosterone in male fetus
Testosterone secretion during gestation that causes the
fetus to grow male sex organs
Testosterone secrete by fetal testis also causes the
tactical to descend into the scrotum
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 PLACENTAL LACTOGEN

COMPOSITION
Protein in nature with chemical properties similar to
prolactin and growth hormone
22,000 to 23,000 Daltons molecular weight
In the ovine with 192 amino acids
Isolation from placental tissue, but can not detect in
serum of pregnant animal until the last trimester of
pregnancy
More Important As Growth Hormone Not As Prolactin
FUNCTIONS
Regulate and transport maternal nutrients to fetus and
do growth
Play role in milk production. Large quantity present in
dairy cows and lower in beef cows 9
 PROTEIN B

COMPOSITION

Protein in nature

FUNCTION

Involved in preventing destruction of corpus luteum in

early pregnancy
Secrete From Conceptus
Maternal recognition of pregnancy

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 ESTROGEN

Secrete from syncytial trophoblast cells

Placental secretion of estrogen differentiate from ovarian
secretion of estrogen
FUNCTIONS
During pregnancy causing enlargement of uterus,
mammary glands, female external genitalia and growth
of mammary ductal structure
Relax various pelvic ligaments. (provide easier passage of
the fetus through birth canal)
In many species, the high levels of estrogen in late
gestation induces myometrial oxytocin receptors, thereby
preparing the uterus for parturition.
Stimulate growth of the Myometrium and antagonize
the myometrial-suppressing activity of progesterone 11
CONT..

Like progestins, estrogens suppress Gonadotropin

secretion from the pituitary gland.
Stimulate mammary gland development. Estrogens are
one in a battery of hormones necessary for both
ductal and alveolar growth in the mammary gland.

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 PROGESTERONE
FUNCTIONS
Development of decidual cells into the uterine
Endometrium (provide nutrition)
Decreasing the contractility of gravid uterus to prevent
abortion
Development of the conceptus before implantation
Progesterone helps estrogen to prepare mammary
glands for lactation
Progesterone inhibit secretion of the pituitary
Gonadotropin LH and FSH. To prevents ovulation during
pregnancy.
Suppression of contractility in uterine smooth muscle.
This is called the "progesterone block" on the
Myometrium.
Support of the Endometrium to provide an environment
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conducive to fetal survival.
 Placental Hormones

Estrogens Steroids Maintenance of pregnancy

Progestin's Steroids Mimic action of progesterone

Glycoprotein:
Chorionic
is 96 amino Activity similar to LH
Gonadotropin
acids; is 147

Placental Protein of 191

Acts like prolactin and GH
Lactogen amino acids

Prevent destruction of corpus luteum

Protein B Proteins
in early pregnancy
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