Controlling Speed

Mechanically
Engr 315
Control Systems
Calvin College

8 December 2004

Brian Katerberg
Andy Vander Moren
 The Original Governor
James Watts
Flyball Governor

Used to prevent steam engines from overheating

while responding to the applied loads.
http://home.carolina.rr.com/microhydro/governors.html
Modern Governor

http://home.carolina.rr.com/microhydro/governors.html
 Electrical Speed Controls

Tachometer
Automotive Cruise Control
Andy Wallners Presentation
Yesterday
 Why Use an Electronic
Governor?
Allows for very precise governing
Requires very limited amount of moving
parts
Can fit in small areas
Easy to adjust for changes in application
Interfaces easily with other controlling
devices
 Why Use a Mechanical
Governor?
Could be less expensive
Can use in wide range of conditions
Marine Applications
Extreme Temperatures
Usually easier to troubleshoot
More transparent
 Mechanical Governor
Shortcomings
Have a delayed response time called
droop
This delay in response time induces
something called hunting
Can be thought of in terms of overshoot and
over/under damping
Can tune a mechanical system to minimize
hunting using additional external mechanical
governors
Simple MatLAB Simulation
 Relation to Our Senior Design
Project
We are building a winnowing machine
for use in Kenya
Need some sort of governing device to
control the speed of our fan
Device must be simple, easy to use,
and low cost
Kenyans background should be taken
into account especially for repairs
Not much electrical experience
Bikes are major form of transportation
 Governorsin
There Can Be!
Bikes?

Di2 (Digitally Integrated Intelligence)

Automatic Derailleur
www.shimanocycling.com
 Maximum Air Speed
Seed Characteristics 2
4 diaseed 7
diaseed .001m Vol seed mseed 8 10 kg
3 2
2
diaseed
areaseed
2

Force of Gravity
m
grav 9.81 fgrav mseed grav 6
2 fgrav 7.848 10 N
s

Force of Air Drag

kg
Cd .5 air 1.25
3 fdrag fgrav
m

Air Speed Calculations

fdrag
velair
1 m
C areaseed velair 5.655
2 d air s
 Stability Graph

0.8

0.6
Stable( )

Unstable( )
0.4

0.2

0
0 50 100 150

deg
 Questions?

A Governor
Mechanical
on a Bike
Governor