Fuel-hedging activities are ineffective in reducing fuel expenses Strategic Objectives Best place to work Safest & most reliable airline Offer a convenient flight schedule Offer best travel experience. Maintains a low-cost structure Offer low fares Political Safety & Security training requirements Government agencies rules & regulations Declining airline traffic due to terrorist attacks Economical Economywide Recessions Industry Downturns Increases jet fuel price Fare wars Social Access to affordable air travel Employee & customer relationship Time-sensitive & price-sensitive travelers Fear of Flying Technological Online ticket sales Mobile website & app next-generation technology and software Airlines Gratitude Initiative Inflight Internet service Environmental Reuse & recycle material Climate Change Agreement Environmentally Clean Method of Transportation Air Travel Emissions Standards Eliminating waste & conserving resources Legal Legal & Regulatory battles Airline Deregulation Act in 1978 Wright Amendment Threat of new entrants - Low Large Capital Requirement Economy of Scale Needed to be Profitable Rivals attempts to undercut new entrants Threat of substitutes - Low Bus, automobile, train & public transportation Dominates short distance travel Substitute are inferior Time Speed Comfort Inefficient at long-distance support our travel Bargaining power of customers - High No differentiation in service provided Travel cost influence customer decision lack of differentiation Bargaining power of suppliers - High Few large suppliers: Air bus & Boeing No control over jet fuel price Labor Unions Airports locally owned and operated Industry rivalry - High Acquisition & Merger Price competition Limited differentiation