Andrs Bonifacio y de

Castro
Andrs Bonifacio y de Castro (Andres
Bonifacio)
Born:
Born: November
November 30,
30, 1863
1863 in
in Tondo
Tondo Manila
Manila

Filipino
Filipino nationalist
nationalist and
and revolutionary
revolutionary

Father:
Father: Santiago
Santiago Bonifacio
Bonifacio a
a tailor
tailor who
who served
served as
as a
a
teniente
teniente mayor
mayor (municipal
(municipal official)
official)

Mother:
Mother: Catalina
Catalina de
de Castro
Castro a
a mestiza
mestiza of
of Spanish
Spanish descent
descent
who
who worked
worked in
in a
a cigarette
cigarette factory.
factory.

He
He was
was a
a founder
founder and
and later
later the
the supreme
supreme leader
leader of
of the
the
Katipunan
Katipunan movement
movement which
which sought
sought the
the independence
independence of
of
the
the Philippines
Philippines from
from Spanish
Spanish colonial
colonial rule
rule and
and started
started
the
the Philippine
Philippine Revolution.
Revolution.
Eldest child among the siblings.

Brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio.

Sisters: Espiridonia and Maxima.

His education was very limited because the death of

his parents forced him to leave school while still quite

young in order to support his siblings.

Studied under Guillermo Osmea, who taught him basic

arithmetic, writing in Tagalog, and basic Spanish.

Worked as a messenger(clerk/messenger) for the local

parish choir.

Became a salesman (agent) of tar and other goods for

the English firm ofJ.M. Fleeming & Company.

Transferred to Fressell and Company, a German trading

firm, where he worked as a bodeguero

(warehouseman/agent).

Also set up a family business of selling canes and paper

fans.
Despite not finishing formal education, Bonifacio

was self-educated.

He read books about the French Revolution,

biographies of the Presidents of the United States,

the colonial penal and civil codes, and novels such
as Victor Hugo's Les Misrables, Eugne Sue's Le
Juif errant and Jos Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.
 Bonifacio was married twice.

First wife: a certain person named Monica who died of

leprosy.

Second wife: Gregoria de Jess (Aling Oriang) of

Caloocan, whom he married in 1893. They had one son,

christened Andrs, who died in infancy.

Gregoria de Jess
(Aling Oriang)
Kataastaasang
Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
The Katipunan
A Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-

Spanish Filipinos on July 7, 1892

With his two friends Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata, he

formed the first triangle of a secret society which bore

the initials K.K.K.

Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga

Anak ng Bayan ("Highest and Most Respected Society of

the Children of the Country").

Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in

1896 that led to the outbreak ofPhilippine Revolution.

 Within the society Bonifacio used the pseudonymMay
pseudonymMay pag-
pag-
asa("There is Hope").
Hope").
For a time, Bonifacio worked
worked with
with both
both
theKatipunanandLa
theKatipunanandLa Liga
Liga Filipina.
Filipina.
From Manila, theKatipunanexpanded
theKatipunanexpanded into
into several
several
provinces,
includingBatangas,Laguna,Cavite,Bulacan,Pampanga,
includingBatangas,Laguna,Cavite,Bulacan,Pampanga,
andNueva
andNueva Ecija.
Ecija.
Most of its members,
members, calledKatipuneros,
calledKatipuneros, came from the
lower and middle classes,
classes, with
with many
many of
of its
its local
local leaders
leaders
being prominent figures in their
their municipalities.
municipalities.
At first exclusively male, membership
membership was
was later
later extended
extended to
to
females, with Bonifacio's
Bonifacio's wife
wife Gregoria
Gregoria de
de Jess
Jess as
as a
Bonifacio was a member and eventually head of

theKatipunanSupreme Council.
Bonifacio developed a strong friendship withEmilio

Jacintowho served as his adviser and confidant, as

well as a member of the Supreme Council.
Bonifacio wrote several pieces for the paper,

including the poemPag-ibig sa Tinubuang

Lup(roughly, "Love for the homeland) under the
pseudonymAgapitoBagumbayan.
The publication ofKalayaanin March 1896 led to a

great increase in membership.

Bonifacio, Jacinto andPio Valenzuelacollaborated on

the society's organKalayaan(Freedom), which had

only one printed issue.
TheKatipunanspread throughoutLuzon, toPanayin

theVisayasand even as far asMindanao. From less

than 300 members in January 1896,it had about
30,000 to 40,000 by August.
The Katipunan had three aims:

First, it wanted to free the Philippines from Spain, by

force of arms if necessary. Its members, called

Katipuneros, were taught to make and use weapons.

Second is the the moral, or spiritual, aim. The Katipunan

saw all men, rich or poor, as equals.

Third, the Katipuneros were taught to care for one

another in times of sickness and need. The society took

care of its sick. If a member died, the Katipunan helped to
pay the cost of a simple funeral.
Death of Bonifacio
May
May 10,
10, 1897
1897
Sealed
Sealed order
order was
was received
received by
by Maj.
Maj. Lazaro
Lazaro Makapagal
Makapagal from
from
General
General Noriel.
Noriel.
The
The latter
latter further
further ordered
ordered Makapagal
Makapagal to
to take
take four
four soldiers
soldiers
and
and escort
escort the
the Bonifacio
Bonifacio brothers
brothers to
to Mount
Mount Buntis.
Buntis.
At
At the
the foot
foot of
of the
the mountain,
mountain, Andres
Andres Bonifacio
Bonifacio asked
asked
Makapagal
Makapagal to
to open
open the
the sealed
sealed order.
order.
After
After reading
reading the
the content,
content, the
the Bonifacio
Bonifacio brothers
brothers were
were shot
shot
and
and buried
buried in
in a
a shallow
shallow grave
grave marked
marked only
only by
by a
a few
few twigs
twigs
and
and leaves.
leaves.
Bonifacio as a Hero

Andrs Bonifacio, along with Jos Rizal, is one of

only two implied national heroes of the

Philippines.

Bonifacio and Rizal are given the implied

recognition of being national heroes because they

both have national holidays in their
honor:Bonifacio Dayon November 30, andRizal
Dayon December 30.
Notable Contributions to the World of
Colonial Literature
Bonifacio wrote poetry, and was a moro-moro actor -

very typical of great communicators.

Bonifacio was probably one of the greatest

motivational writers and speakers of his generation.

Using his native language, Bonifacio wrote with full

passion and compassion.

Bonifacio also wrote about how the Filipinos were

tortured by the Spaniards.

Interesting Facts
Bonifacio kept himself busy with other productive

endeavors.

He became a member of a Tagalog dramatic

society, both as an actor and organizer of plays.

In 1887, he and his friends established the Teatro

Porvenir and staged moro-moros in Tondo.

Bonifacio was also a freemason and a member of

the Taliba Lodge.

Poems and Works
Katapusang Hibik Ng Pilipinas (The Last Appeal of

the Philippines)

Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa

Tapunan ng Lingap

Ang mga Cazadores

Huling Paalam ni Dr. Jose Rizal (Salin ng Mi Ultimo

Adios ni Gat Andres Bonifacio)

The Decalogue, a ten-point addressed to sons of

the country and how they should behave

Emilio Jacinto
Emilio Jacinto
Born: December 15, 1875 in Trozo, Tondo Manila

Filipino Revolutionary known as the Brains of the

Katipunan.

Father: Mariano Jacinto (died shortly after Emilio was

born).

Mother: Josefa Dizon

It was his sad experiences with his Spanish

classmates and sensitivity to the plight of the

Jacinto's early education was supported by his

widowed mother who worked as a midwife.

Later, his uncle enrolled him at the San Juan

Letran College after which he took Law at the

University of Santo Tomas.
Jacinto was fluent in bothSpanishandTagalog,

but preferred to speak in Spanish.

Although poor in appearance, he was gifted with

brains and good character.

The Katipunan
He
He did
did not
not finish
finish college
college and,
and, at
at the
the age
age of
of 19,
19, he
he joined
joined the
the
secret
secret society
society calledKatipunan.
calledKatipunan.
At
At that
that young
young age,
age, he
he became
became one
one of
of the
the ablest
ablest leaders
leaders of
of the
the
movement.
movement.
He
He became
became the
the advisor
advisor on
on fiscal
fiscal matters
matters and
and secretary
secretary
toAndrs
toAndrs Bonifacio.
Bonifacio.
His
His enthusiasm,
enthusiasm, ideals
ideals and
and spirit
spirit soon
soon guided
guided the
the course
course of
of
the
the secret
secret revolutionary
revolutionary society.
society.
He
He wrote
wrote theKartilya
theKartilya ng
ng Katipunan(Primer
Katipunan(Primer of
of the
the Katipunan),
Katipunan),
and
and the
the oath
oath of
of membership,
membership, which
which served
served as
as guiding
guiding
principles
principles of
of the
the Katipuneros.
Katipuneros.
Jacinto also wrote for the Katipunan newspaper

called Kalayaan. He wrote in the newspaper under

the pen nameDimasilaw, and used the
aliasPingkianin the Katipunan.

Some of the teachings of the Katipunan as written

by Jacinto were deeply appreciated by the

Katipuneros.

Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and just

purpose is like a tree which cause no shadow a
poisonous weed.
 To
To do
do good
good for
for some
some personal
personal motive
motive and
and not
not because
because of
of a
a
true
true desire
desire to
to do
do good
good isis not
not aa virtue.
virtue.
All
All men
men are
are equal,
equal, be
be the
the color
color of
of their
their skin
skin black
black or
or white.
white.
One
One may
may be
be superior
superior to
to another
another in in wisdom,
wisdom, appearance,
appearance, or or
wealth,
wealth, but
but they
they are
are equal
equal asas men.
men.
He
He whose
whose sentiments
sentiments areare noble
noble prefers
prefers honor
honor to
to personal
personal
aggrandizement;
aggrandizement; he he whose
whose sentiments
sentiments are are perverse
perverse prefers
prefers
personal
personal desires
desires to
to honor.
honor.
To
To aa man
man of
of honor,
honor, his
his word
word isis his
his oath.
oath.
Defend
Defend the
the oppressed
oppressed and
and fight
fight the
the oppressor.
oppressor.
He
He who
who is
is intelligent
intelligent is
is cautious
cautious in
in speech
speech and
and knows
knows how
how to
to
keep
keep secrets
secrets which
which must
must be
be guarded.
guarded.
Think
Think notnot of
of woman
woman as as a
a thing
thing with
with which
which to
to merely
merely pass
pass
the
the time,
time, but
but as
as a
a helper
helper and
and a a partner
partner in
in hardships.
hardships.
Respect
Respect her her and
and think
think only
only of
of your
your mother
mother and
and took
took care
care of
of
you
you inin childhood.
childhood.
Great
Great andand noble
noble is
is he
he who
who loves
loves and
and looks
looks after
after the
the welfare
welfare
of
of his
his country.
country.
Notable Contributions to the World of
Colonial Literature
His greatest poem was A La Patria, which he

composed under the coconut palms of Santa Cruz,

Laguna.

He composed this poem, which was inspired by Dr.

Jose Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios," under the pen name of

Dimas Law.

Bonifacio recognized Jacintos talents and patriotism,

and appointed him in various capacities, as secretary,

editor, and later general of the Katipunan.
Death of Jacinto
April 16, 1899.

In February, 1897, Jacinto fought the Spanish

cazadores (riflemen) in Magdalena, Laguna.

He was wounded in the thigh, and was taken as a

prisoner to the church of Santa Cruz.

Returned to Laguna and established the secret

headquarters in the hills of Majayjay.

He contracted malignant malaria and died.

Quiz: True or False

1. Andres Bonifacios full name is Andrs Bonifacio

y de Castro.

2. Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863.

3. The second wife of Bonifacio is Monica de Jess.

4. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan

ng mga Anak ng Bayan means Highest and

Most Respected Society of the Children of the
Country.

5. Bonifacio died on May 10, 1890.

Quiz: True or False

6. Emilio Jacinto was born on December 15, 1885

7. Jacinto was known as the Brains of the

Katipunan.

8. Jacinto joined the Katipunan at the age of 21.

9. Jacintos greatest poem was Mi Ultimo Adios.

10. The cause of Jacintos death was malignant

malaria.