Colombia

Heather Cashdollar
Harry Ta
Marvin Hernandez
Thao Bui
Juan Mejia
Map
Background
Total population (2013) 48,321,000

Gross national income per capita (PPP international $, 2013) 11,890

Life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2013) 75/81

Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births, 0) 17

Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000 population, 2013) 148/73

Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2013) 843

Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2013) 6.8

Health status: Colombia vs. United States

Colombia United States

Health Ranking: 22 Health Ranking: 37
Life Expectancy: Life Expectancy:
Men: 75.1 Men: 76.4
Women: 81.0 Women: 81.8
Death under 5: Death under 5:
17 deaths per 7 deaths per 1000
1000
5 health problems

1.HIV

2.Malaria

3.Lung Disease

4.Heart Disease

5.Road traffic accidents

HIV
Colombia reported that about 150,00 people are living with
HIV/AIDs

HIV rates have been rising ever since 1983

8,196 new cases in 2012

98.5% of these new cases were

caused by sexual transmission
HIV continued
52.7% of reported cases
are in the 20-39 age group

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in

Colombia has a gender
distribution of 74.6% for
men and 25.3% for women.

38,000 women aged 15

and up are living with HIV

About 2,400 children under

15 are living with HIV
HIV continued

Barranquilla, the fourth

largest city in Colombia,
has the highest proportion
of HIV cases - about 50.6%
in 2012

Cartagena with 37.6%

HIV challenges to overcome

Better education of HIV/AIDS, especially the people in the 20-39

age group

Increase awareness

Lowering the rate of drug use and STI contraction

Reduce stigma of people living with HIV/AIDS

MALARIA

Areas with malaria: <1,700 m

None in Bogota and Cartagena

51,722 reported cases in 2014

About 75% cases abound along

the Pacific Coast.
MALARIA TRANSMISSION

Caused by a parasite called Plasmodium: P. falciparum (30%), and

P. vivax (70%)

Transmitted via the bite of infective female Anopheles

mosquitoes.

Occurs by blood transfusion, organ transplantation, needle

sharing, or from mother to infant.
MALARIA INTERVENTION

Smear microscopy

Primaquine for the treatment of P. vivax

Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the treatment

of P. falciparum

Mosquito nets

Indoor residual spraying

Respiratory System

Fresh Air into the the body

Airways - sinuses, mouth, windpipe (bronchial tubes), throat, nose

lungs which are divided into lobes (3R, 2L)

Pleura surrounds lobes and causes separation from chest wall

Alveoli destination of air

Capillaries are blood vessels on alveoli walls

diaphragm muscle that causes the suction of air and expansion of lungs

Ribs support and protect the chest cavity

Colombia: Lung Disease

Age-Standardized Death Rate per 100,000 population

Lung Disease with 10,261 with world rank 39

Influenza and Pneumonia with 6,835 with world rank of 128

Outdoor Air Pollution

rural area 17% of all deaths

urban 1 out of 20

reduce exposure replacing open fires and traditional stoves with

improved cookstoves with chimneys
Heart Disease in Colombia

Heart Disease is the

number one cause of
death in Colombia.
Total number of deaths
annually= 29,069
(17.16%)
79.44 deaths per 100,00
people in population
World rank for death rate:
Road traffic accidents

Over 3,400 people die on the world's roads every

day and tens of millions of people are injured or
disabled every year. Children, pedestrians, cyclists
and older people are among the most vulnerable of
road users. Colombia is not the exception. 3.9% of
deaths in Colombia are due to road injury.
Traffic accidents and injuries continue
Road traffic injuries are the second leading cause of morbidity
and mortality in Colombia. Up to 20% of all deaths between
2005 and 2010 were due to traffic injuries. Pedestrians
accounted for close to 32% of all injuries and 40% of the deaths
from traffic accidents. In 2012, WHO reported 7.8 number of
deaths (by 000s). An effective effort has been made over the
last ten years by the Colombian government to introduce new
policies and programs to reduce the high rates of road traffic
injuries in the country. Luckily, Colombia has decreased in rank
since 2012.
Health system

Spends 6.8% of GDP on health expenditures

National health insurance

Financed by taxes

Prices are set by the government

Two regimes:
Contributory Regime (CR): covers workers and their families with monthly
incomes above ($170)

Subsidized Regime (SR): covers those identified as being poor through a test
Health professionals and the healthcare system

As of October 1, 2014, there were 3,620 health establishments in Colombia, including hospitals, clinics
and ambulance services. Private healthcare establishments account for 57% of all establishments
within the country. While no single city or state stands out as being a centralized hub for hospitals, 80%
of establishments are found within 16 (of 39 states).

The health professionals had little or no participation in the development of the reform to the healthcare
system. So, basic principles such as cost-benefit, healthcare quality, and implications in the
professional health practice were misjudged. The reform of the health system restricted severely the
opportunity of the health professionals to hire their services privately, phenomenon that caused a heavy
loss of income for the average health practice.
 Health system
Pros: Everyone has access, even the poor; affordable;

large impact in rural areas

Cons: Large difference between the CR and SR package,

reduced income for health professionals

References
1. Colombia - FXB English. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2015, from https://fxb.org/programs/colombia/

2. Giedion, U., & Uribe, M. (n.d.). Health Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from
http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/28/3/853.full

3. UNAIDS. (2014). Retrieved November 12, 2015, from

http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/colombia

4. Wells, M. (2011, December 1). HIV/AIDS falls worldwide, rises in Colombia. Retrieved November 12, 2015,
from http://colombiareports.com/hivaids-falls-worldwide-rises-in-colombia/

5. American Lung Association.(2015, June). All Diseases. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/all-

diseases.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/

6. http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/country-health-profile/colombia

7. Larsen, B., and Skjelvik, J.M. 2014. Environmental health in Colombia: An economic assessment of health
effects and their costs. Prepared for the World Bank. Washington, D.C., USA.

8. http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/publication/colombia-perspective-air-pollution

9. World Health Organization ( 2014, December) Retrieved Nov 13, 2015. http:www.who.int/en