Unit 4

Topic 5
 Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H1206 +
6O2
Structure of Chloroplast
 Pigments in the Chloroplast

Chlorophylls
Chlorophyll A and Chlorophyll B
Absorbs light in the red and blue-
violet region
Carotenoids
Accessory pigments such as
carotene and xanthophylls
Absorbs the light in the blue-violet
region
 Phosphorylation
Adding a phosphate to a
molecule, e.g ADP is
phosphorylated to ATP.
 Photophosphorylati
on
Adding a
phosphate to a
molecule using
light
 Photolysis
The splitting of a
molecule using light
energy
 Hydrolysis
The splitting of a molecule
using water, e.g ATP is
hydrolysed to ADP.
 Redox reactions
Reactions that involve
oxidation and reduction
Reduction: Gain of
electrons, gain of hydrogen
or loss of oxygen.
Oxidation: Loss of
electrons, loss of hydrogen
 Coenzymes
A coenzyme is a molecule that aids
the function of an enzyme.
They work by transferring a chemical
group from one molecule to another.
A coenzyme used in photosynthesis is
NADP. NADP transfers hydrogen from
one molecule to another this means it
can reduce (give hydrogen) or oxidise
(take hydrogen) a molecule
Describe structure of thylakoids

Fluid filled sacs.

Stacked up in structures called
grana.