Different Esthetic Posts

By: Ahmed mohamed

salah okasha
 Dental fiber-post resin base
material
Introduction
Some teeth are severely mutilated because of
caries, trauma or even as a result of previous
large restorations.

In case of an evident loss of clinical crown, most

of the teeth could be unable to retain the final
restoration without some additional support.

a post and core build up following endodontic

treatment could be of great assistance for
retaining and supporting the future restoration.
As a result of rising demands for tooth-colored
posts, in the recent years, conventional metallic
posts are gradually being replaced by various
non-metallic posts.

HISTORY OF DENTAL FIBER POST

History of fiber posts guides us to as far as

1989, when the producers claim to have
introduced their original carbon fiber post-
Composi post and they were started being used
clinically, in France. However, the first evidence
of a published article on the dental fiber posts
was in 1990, by Duret et al.
The initial fiber posts consisted of carbon/graphite fibers
considering their good mechanical properties, such as high
stiffness, tensile strength and conductivity to electricity and
comparatively lower toxicity.

The material had modulus of elasticity much closer to dentin

in contrast to that of the metallic posts and the clinical studies
performed on fiber posts generated convincing outcomes.

Over the time elapsed after the introduction of fiber posts,

they have gained popularity in the dental market because of
their benefits regarding .ease in manipulation, mechanical
properties, esthetics and removability, offering predictable
clinical performance in several ways..However, the initially
introduced posts had some drawbacks regarding their esthetic
usage, as they were difficult to conceal under all-ceramic or
composite restorations. Especially in case of the anterior
teeth.
Successively, radiopaque fiber posts were
obtained and more esthetic posts using
the quartz and glass fibers were
introduced to overcome this problem by
being incorporated in the resin base.

These fiber posts are translucent, more

favorable for conditions with high esthetic
demands. Besides, fibers have elasticity,
high tensile strength, low electrical
conductivity, resistance to solubility, and
resistance to biochemical degradation.
 REQUIREMENTS AND
ADVANTAGES OF FIBER POSTS
Ideal properties for the post material include physical
properties like modulus of elasticity, compressive strength,
flexural strength and thermal expansion, similar to that of
dentin.

It should esthetically resemble and bond efficiently to the

dentine.

N.B
. Due to the difference in the modulus of elasticity of
the dentin and the selected post, there are possible
areas of stress concentration in the dentin leading to
potential root cracking followed by fracture, as in the
case of metal and zirconium post.
Posts which have modulus of elasticity
similar to that of the dentin are chosen
over others for relatively uniform pattern
of stress distribution, dropping the risk of
root fracture.

Many laboratory researches show that

carbon and glass fiber posts have
modulus of elasticity (about 20 GPa)
similar to that of dentin(about 18 GPa),
whereas cast metal alloy posts and
prefabricated metal posts have about 200
GPa and ceramic posts about 150 GPa.
 Akkayan and Glmez, calculated the
fracture resistance of 40 extracted, root
canal treated teeth, restored with different
posts systems. The results revealed that
the teeth restored with fiber post showed
favorable and repairable fractures on the
contrarily, those restored with titanium
and zirconia's posts demonstrated
catastrophic fractures. many of the fiber
post failure have been limited to the post
dislodgment rather than tooth fracture in
case of the fiber post restored teeth.
 Seefeld et al, carried out a study for
comparing the fractural and structural
features of different fiber post, in this
study most of the samples of the fiber
posts showed the flexural strength
above 800 MPa with only one of the
sample post showing the least flexural
strength of 565 MPa.
Metal posts with their stiff and hard
nature; transfer the forces along their long
axis creating a wedge effect on the tooth
structure, acting similar to a metal wedge
on a piece of wood. Fiber posts having
similar modulus of elasticity as dentin,
avoid this condition to a considerable
extent.

Many in vitro and in vivo studies have

shown the advantage of using FRC over
prefabricated and cast metal post
especially indicated in narrow root canals
To conclude

due to their natural translucency,

aesthetic demands of full-ceramic
restorations are better met by the recent
fiber posts at the same time the
shortcomings of ceramic and zirconium
posts are also fulfilled by them with their
elastic modulus allowing the homogenous
stress distribution thereby greatly
reducing the failure of the post due to
fracture of the teeth.
 COMPOSITION OF A
FIBER POST
Fiber-reinforced post systems contain a high volume
percentage of continuous fibers embedded in polymer
matrixes, which are commonly epoxy polymers with
high degree of conversion and a highly cross-linked
structure that binds the fibers.

Carbon fiber posts are prepared from continuous and

unidirectional carbon fibers in an epoxy resin matrix.

Drawback of carbon-fiber posts to provide desired

esthetics with all-ceramic restorations resulted in the
production of translucent and tooth colored silica-fiber
posts.
These are also called glass-fiber and
quartz-fiber reinforced posts.

Glass fiber posts could contain different

types of glass, such as E-glass (electrical
glass), and S-glass (high-strength glass).
Also, glass fiber posts could also be made
from quartz fiber, which is pure silica in a
crystallized form and provide better
esthetic results.
Generally factors such as direction of
the fibers, volume fraction and
proportion of the fibers impregnated into
the matrix resin, the bonding between
the matrix resin and the fibers, the
polymerization shrinkage of the resin,
and the individual properties of the
fibers and the matrix, contribute to the
mechanical strength of the fiber posts.
 Not all the fiber post are the same but there are
difference in :

a) Type of fiber (with quartz fiber posts having higher

failure resistance)
b) Fracture load
c) Flexural strength
d) Fiber diameter and length
e) Fiber/matrix ratio
f) Light transmission
g) Post shape and configuration
h) Post surface treatment
i) Manufacturing quality of fiber
j) structural defects/voids
k) Adhesion mode
performance of Glass Fibre posts, Sometimes
Failure occurred in bonding at post- cement
interface. This is due to the fact that the Fiber
reinforced post are consisting of highly cross-
linked polymer, which is polymerized to high
degree of conversion and is difficult to bond
to resin luting cements and core material, due
to the fact that the monomers of composite
resin luting cements, cant penetrate into the
cross-linked polymer natureThis is due to the
fact that the Fibre reinforced post are
consisting of highly cross-linked polymer,
which is polymerized to high degree of
conversion and is difficult to bond to resin
luting cements and core material, due to the
fact that the monomers of composite resin
luting cements, cant penetrate into the
cross-linked polymer nature
 [Effect of different bonding procedure
on bond strength of fiber posts to root
canal].

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effect of different bonding
procedure and different root region on the
bond strength of fiber posts to root canal.
 METHODS:
Forty-two extracted intact human maxillary central
incisors were endodontically treated with post spaces be
prepared and divided into 6 groups randomly. The fiber
posts were then luted with the following different bonding
procedures. Group I: total etch dentin bonding agent
Luxabond + self-adhesive system Rely XTM Unicem;
Group II: total etch dentin bonding agent Luxabond +
dual-cure rein cement Luxacore; Group III: self etch dentin
bonding agent Contax + self -adhesive system Rely X TM
Unicem; Group IV :self etch dentin bonding agent Contax
+ dual -cure rein cement Luxacore; Group V:self-adhesive
system Rely X TM Unicem; Group VI:dual-cure rein cement
Luxacore. After dowel cementation, thin-slice push-out
test was performed. The bonding interface and dentin
surface were examined under scanning electron
microscope. The data was statistically analyzed using
SPSS13.0 software package.
 RESULTS:
The results showed that different bonding
procedures had significant different impacts on
the bond strength (P<0.05).Group I and Group III
had significantly higher bond strength compared
with other groups. Resin tags of dentin bonding
interface were observed in Group I and Group II
and intimate adaptations of resin cement with
the substrate were revealed.
CONCLUSIONS:
Coupled with total etch or self etch dentin
bonding agent, self- adhesive system Rely X TM
Unicem can improve the bonding strength of
fiber posts obviously.
 Application of resin adhesive on the surface of a
silanized glass fiber-reinforced post and its effect
on the retention to root dentin.

Results
silanization as the only post surface treatment did
not improve retention, the combination of silane plus
resin adhesive enhanced post retention to dentin in
the middle and coronal root regions.

J Endod. 2015 Jan;41(1):106-10. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.014. Epub 2014 Oct

30.
 Disadvantages of fiber post:

Weak against rotational forces which

may lead to its fracture

Significantly lower fracture strength

than cast posts and cores
 Effect of different aesthetic advanced post
components and compositions on their
properties and uses

1) 2-Stage Post 2) Multiple Taper Post

Conservative apical taper for minimal

preparation.
Wider coronally for maximum adaptation.
 Flexi-Post Fiber (ready-made glass fiber)

Parallel sided with split shank that

closes upon insertion to deliver
maximum retention with minimum
insertion stresses, it can be inserted
with or without cementation.

The split shank is :

1) For escape of cement to decrease
hydraulic pressure
2) It closes upon insertion in root
canal to decrease pressure apically
 D.T. Light-Post Illusion X-RO

-Quartz fiber posts

-Thermo chromic pigments:
colored in cold temperature while
translucent in body temperature
Significance: if retrieval of post is
mandatory , water spray the post
to easy identify its position
 Everstick posts
(composite glass fiber post)

Unpolymerized glass
fiber post
Adapted to shape of the
root canal before light-
curing while offering high
strength after light curing.
Risk for root fracture is
reduced
Also indicated in :
curved
oval
large root canals
 Spirapost Fiber Post

Spirapost is polyfiber strands

and surgical steel wires
integrate with the resin
cement and core material to
create a homogenous unit

High strength due to surgical

steel wires and Highly
esthetic due to polyfiber
material

Due to its high flexibility we

 Glassix Plus post
Anatomically shaped with a helicodal
structure - twisted groves - that gives
mechanical retention without any
breakage points
REFORPOST FIBER GLASS
X-Ray
Highly Retentive due to :
-Mechanical Retention: the anatomical shape
of cylindrical and with a conic tip is very
retentive. Indentations throughout its length
increase contact area for the selected
cement
- Chemical Adhesion: is composed of epoxy
resin which allows adhesion to resin
cements
 Hi-Rem Post
The Only Easy Removal Fiber
Post due to the central
longitudinal axis of the post is
made of blue colored soft
polymer macrofiber
 Radix Fiber Post
Composition
Zirconium-Enriched Glass Fibers 60%
Epoxy Resin Matrix 40%

Highly strength due to Zirconia

Highly esthetic related to glass fiber
EZ-Fit Passive Fiber Post
Provides excellent core material
retention due to increased surface
area for bonding and Locks-in post
cement to provide high retention of
shank.

Stabilizes restoration by resting

on tooth structure.
 Zirix
(zirconium dioxide ceramic post system)

Zirconium dioxide is a hard and withstanding

ceramic but it has a certain flexibility and the
most remarkable capacity to heal any crack that
might occur by molecular action and it is 100%
biocompatible.
But unfortunately, it has the higher modulus of
elasticity in comparable to natural of dentine
THANK
YOU